The aim of the considerations is to explain the issues related to the respect of Christian values in Poland in the process of political transformation leading from the communist totalitarianism to the liberal democracy and Polish integration with the European Union. The considerations include two parts. The first part explains the concept of Christian values that guide the Christians; it should be divided into two subsets: 1) the specifically Christian values, which include theological values – the truths of faith and the rules of conduct contained in Christian revelation; 2) the universal ethical principles which are the base of the social order in a democratic state, having origins in Christian values and rational human nature. The second part is characterizes the problem of the respect of Christian values in public life of the Polish Nation in five periods of its history: from the Baptism of Mieszko I (966) to the Third Republic. On the basis of the principles in the Constitution of 1997, the author shows that the modern Polish state is a secular state that respects the Christian heritage of the Nation. On the other hand, the European Union imposes rules which aim is to eliminate Christian values from public life.