The article examines the legal protection of persons forced to leave their place of residence due to climate change under public international law. The analysis focuses on the impact of rising sea levels on the existence of small island states and the consequences for their populations. It discusses the refugee definition contained in the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and demonstrates its limited applicability to people displaced for environmental reasons. Particular attention is devoted to the practical experiences of Kiribati, Tuvalu and the Maldives, including their adaptation strategies, the risk of territorial loss and climate-induced displacement. The article also analyses the Ioane Teitiota v. New Zealand case before the United Nations Human Rights Committee as the first significant international decision addressing climate-related migration in the context of the right to life. It concludes that international law does not currently provide a separate legal status for climate refugees, creating a significant protection gap.