The article situates the judgment within the broader context of Strasbourg’s engagement with armed conflicts, analyzing its doctrinal innovations on jurisdiction, attribution, and evidentiary standards. It explores how the Court balanced its human rights mandate with questions of international humanitarian law, while addressing the challenges of evidentiary assessment in inter-State disputes. Beyond the specific findings, the judgment has implications for the future of accountability for mass violations of human rights, as well as for the evolving role of the Convention system in situations of war and occupation. However, the practical impact of the ECtHR’s judgment will be constrained by the respondent state’s non-appearance before the Court and its demonstrated refusal to communicate with the Court following the aggression on Ukraine.
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