Przejdź do głównego menu Przejdź do sekcji głównej Przejdź do stopki
Journals name baner

Nr 2(17) (2022)

Artykuły

Populist Nationalism in CEE: A Leader-Centered Analysis.

Opublikowane: 2022-12-30

Abstrakt

Surges of populist nationalism in Europe and the United States over the last decade made it a central subject in comparative sociology. Most explanations center on changing societal conditions that undergird these surges and focus on populist takeovers in Western societies. The causal significance of populist-nationalist demagogy and manipulation of publics by leaders tends to be downplayed. Taking a leader-centered approach and focusing on the „established” populist leaders in CEE, this article emphasizes the „autogenic” aspect of populist-nationalist leaders – their independent proclivity, especially when holding government executive power, to shape national identity and deliberately enflame discontents and divisions that fueled their rise. Society-centered explanations of populist nationalism are not wrong but need to be supplemented by analyses of these self-entrenching leaders’ actions. Consistent with how Max Weber and early elite theorists treated populist nationalism around the time of World War I, this article defines it as a distinctive leadership style that threatens democratic stability.

Bibliografia

  1. Dahl Robert A. (1971), Polyarchy, New Haven: Yale University Press. [Google Scholar]
  2. Di Palma Giuseppe (1973), The Study of Conflict in Western Society, Morristown: General Learning Press. [Google Scholar]
  3. Field George Lowell, Higley John (1980, re-issued by Routledge in 2013), Elitism, London–Boston: Routledge, Kegan Paul. [Google Scholar]
  4. Fieschi Catherine (2019), Populocracy. The Tyranny of Authenticity and the Rise of Populism, Newcastle: Agenda Publishing. [Google Scholar]
  5. Fukuyama Francis (2014), Political Order and Political Decay, New York: Farrar, Strauss, Giroux. [Google Scholar]
  6. Fukuyama Francis (2018), The Populist Surge, https://www.the-american-interest.com/2018/thepopulist-surge (access 20.04.2018). [Google Scholar]
  7. Héjj Dominik (2022), Węgry na nowo. Jak Viktor Orbán zaprogramował narodową tożsamość, Kraków: Szczeliny. [Google Scholar]
  8. Higley John (2016), The Endangered West. Myopic Elites and Fragile Social Orders in a Threatening World, London: Routledge, originally Transaction Publishers. [Google Scholar]
  9. Higley John (2021), Elites, Non-Elites and Political Realism, London–New York: Rowman & Littlefield. [Google Scholar]
  10. Higley John, Burton Michael (2006), Elite Foundations of Liberal Democracy, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. [Google Scholar]
  11. Higley John, Hoffmann-Lange Ursula, Kadushin Charles, Moore Gwen (1991), Elite Integration in Stable Democracies. A Reconsideration, „European Journal of Sociology” 7 (1), p. 5–23. [Google Scholar]
  12. Knoke David (2018), Power Networks, in: Heinrich Best, John Higley (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Political Elites, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 539–561. [Google Scholar]
  13. Körösényi András (2019), The Theory and Practice of Plebiscitary Leadership: Weber and the Orbán Regime, „East European Politics and Societies”, vol. 33 (2), p. 280–301. [Google Scholar]
  14. Kotwas Marta, Kubik Jan (2019), Symbolic Thickening of Public Culture and the Rise of Right-Wing in Poland, „East European Politics and Societies”, vol. 33 (2), p. 435–471. [Google Scholar]
  15. Lengyel György, Ilonszki Gabriella (2016), The Illiberal Turn in Hungary: Institutions and Leadership, in: Jan Pakulski (ed.), The Visegrad Countries in Crisis, Warsaw: Collegium Civitas, p. 27–45. [Google Scholar]
  16. Levitsky Steven, Ziblatt Daniel (2018), How Democracies Die, New York: Crown. [Google Scholar]
  17. Mounck Yascha (2018), The People vs. Democracy. Why Our Freedom Is in Danger and How to Save It, Boston: Harvard University Press. [Google Scholar]
  18. Mosca Gaetano (1923/1939), The Ruling Class, New York: McGraw Hill. [Google Scholar]
  19. Mudde Cas (2018), Populism in the Twenty-First Century: An Illiberal Response to Undemocratic Liberalism, https://amc.sas.upenn.edu/cas-mudde-populism-twenty-first-century (access 03.04.2018). [Google Scholar]
  20. Müller Jan-Werner (2016), What is Populism? Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press. [Google Scholar]
  21. Norris Pippa, Inglehart Ronald (2019), Cultural Backlash. Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism, New York: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
  22. Pakulski Jan (2016), Crumbling Elite Consensus and the Illiberal Turn in Poland, in: Jan Pakulski (ed.), The Visegrad Countries in Crisis, Warsaw: Collegium Civitas, p. 6–26. [Google Scholar]
  23. Pakulski Jan (2018), Classical Elite Theory: Pareto and Weber, in: Heinrich Best, John Higley (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Political Elites, London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 17–25. [Google Scholar]
  24. Pakulski Jan (2020), Populizm jako forma przywództwa politycznego, „Studia Socjologiczno-Polityczne, Seria Nowa”, 12, p. 10–27. [Google Scholar]
  25. Pakulski Jan, Körösényi András (2012), Toward Leader Democracy, London–New York: Anthem Press. [Google Scholar]
  26. Pareto Vilfredo (1916/1935), The Mind and Society. A Treatise on General Sociology, New York: Dover. [Google Scholar]
  27. Putnam Robert D. (1976), The Comparative Study of Political Elites, Englewood-Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. [Google Scholar]
  28. Przeworski Adam (2019), Crises of Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
  29. Sadurski Wojciech (2019), Poland’s Constitutional Breakdown, Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]
  30. Sadurski Wojciech (2022), Pandemic of Populists, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
  31. Schumpeter Joseph A. (1943), Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, New York: Harper. [Google Scholar]
  32. Weber Max (1978), Economy and Society, Berkeley: University of California Press. [Google Scholar]
  33. Wolff Michael (2018), Fire and Fury. Inside the Trump White House, New York: Henry Holt & Co. [Google Scholar]
  34. Wolff Michael (2019), Siege: Trump Under Fire, New York: Henry Holt & Co. [Google Scholar]
  35. Woodward Bob (2018), Fear: Trump in the White House, New York: Simon & Schuster. [Google Scholar]
  36. Zakaria Fred (1997), The Rise of Illiberal Democracy, „Foreign Affairs”, vol. 76 (6), p. 22–43. [Google Scholar]

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.