In recent years, the prefigurative politics has attracted more attention from political scientists and sociologists. However, in Polish social sciences, the conception of prefigurative politics is almost unknown. In this context, the purpose of this article was to fill this research gap. This conception refers to a strategy or political orientation based on the coherence of goals and means used by political actors and building the foundations of the new social order, culture and relations „in the shell of the old world”. The practical dimension of this approach was described on the example of the activity of the Spanish anarchist movement up to the Civil War and Social Revolution (1936). This analysis also faced the problem of the importance of prefigurative politics for the Spanish anarchist movement. The assumption of this article was that prefigurative politics made an integral and important part of the attitude of the Spanish anarchist movement, which was proved by reviewing published sources and literature on the subject, as well as applying a comparative method.