The article identifies selected conceptual problems, which can be seen in leadership research. The presented theses make a critical contribution to the dominant discussion on the theoretical foundations of this field of analysis. The first tendency is the dominance of normative concepts with universalistic ambitions, which are adopted uncritically by researchers dealing with leadership in different domains. A related phenomenon is a categorical voluntarism, which causes theoretical models to appear in scientific discourse, the multiplicity and purely normative nature of which does not favor the integration of leadership research. Two recipes are proposed to approach the indicated research dilemmas. The first is to link the research more closely to the specificity of individual domains that determine the institutional conditions for shaping leadership relationships. The second remedy is to pay more attention to the empirical validation of the theoretical models applied.