Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
EPPiSM Baner

No. 1 (2024)

Artykuły

Crisis of Democracy: origins and prospects

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52097/eppism.8890  [Google Scholar]
Published: 2024-05-24

Abstract

The third wave of democratization in the late 2Oth century has been followed by the world-wide crisis of democracy. There are three main aspects of such crisis: (1) the perseverance of non-democratic regimes, including the rule of the communist parties in
China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea and Vietnam (2) the emergence of strong right-wing populist parties in several Western democracies, (3) the emergence of new authoritarian regimes in the majority of former Soviet republics and in several states of East-Central Europe, Asia and Africa. In 2023, the majority of states have been classified as non-democratic. Poland’s election of October 2023 indicate, however, that the trend toward new authoritarianism is reversible.

References

  1. Applebaum Anne (2020), Zmierzch demokracji. Zwodniczy powab autorytaryzmu, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Agora [wyd. amer. Twilight of Democracy: The seducive lure of authoritarism, 2020]. [Google Scholar]
  2. Beyme Klaus von (2018), From Post-Democracy to Neo-Democracy, Cham: Springer International Publishing AG. [Google Scholar]
  3. Brzezinski Zbigniew (1993), Out of Control: Global Turmoil on the Eve of the Twenty-First Century, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. [Google Scholar]
  4. Economist Intelligence Unit (2023), Democracy Index 2023: Age of conflict, London: The Adelphi. [Google Scholar]
  5. Grabowska Mirosława (2004), Podział postkomunistyczny: Społeczne podstawy polityki w Polsce po 1989 roku, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe SCHOLAR. [Google Scholar]
  6. Huntington Samuel P. (1991), The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century, Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press. [Google Scholar]
  7. Kavanagh Dennis (1974), Crisis, Charisma and British Political Leadership: Winston Churchill as the Outsider, London-Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. [Google Scholar]
  8. Kersaudy François (1982), De Gaulle et Churchill, Paris: Plon. [Google Scholar]
  9. Klein Ezra (2020), Why We’re Polarized, New York: Avid Reader Press. [Google Scholar]
  10. Koźmiński Andrzej K. (2023), Przywództwo w warunkach ‘radykalnej niepewności’, „Studia Socjologiczno-Polityczne”, 2, 19. [Google Scholar]
  11. Pełczyński Zbigniew (2007), Polska droga od komunizmu: refleksje nad historią i polityką 1956–2006, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe SCHOLAR. [Google Scholar]
  12. Pierzchalski Filip, Rydliński Bartosz, red. (2017), Autorytarny populizm w XXI wieku. Krytyczna rekonstrukcja, Warszawa: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung i Centrum im. Ignacego Daszyńskiego. [Google Scholar]
  13. Pipes Richard (2008), Komunizm, Warszawa: Świat Książki [wyd. amer. 2001]. [Google Scholar]
  14. Rachman Gideon (2023), Nowy autorytaryzm: polityka strachu, Łódź: Oficyna Wydawnicza READ ME [oryg. ang. The Age of the Strongman, 2022]. [Google Scholar]
  15. Raciborski Jacek, Wiatr Jerzy J. (2005), Demokratie in Polen: Elemente des politischen Systems, Opladen: mVerlag Barbara Budrich. [Google Scholar]
  16. Reykowski Janusz (2023), Populizm jako choroba demokracji, „Nauka”, 3. [Google Scholar]
  17. Shestopal Elena (2016), New Trends in Russian Political Mentality. Putin 3:0, Lanham–Boulder–New York–Toronto: Lexington Books. [Google Scholar]
  18. Wiatr Jerzy J., Raciborski Jacek, Bartkowski Jerzy, Frątczak-Rudnicka Barbara, Kilias Jarosław (2003), Demokracja polska 1989–2003, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe SCHOLAR. [Google Scholar]
  19. Wiatr Jerzy J. (2022), Political Leadership Between Democracy and Authoritarianism: Comparative and Historical Perspectives, Opladen–Berlin–Toronto: Verlag Barbara Budrich. [Google Scholar]