The article analyses the relationship between national and European identity and the values perceived as left- or right-wing in Polish society. The empirical basis of the article consists of data from the European Values Study (2017) and the European Social Survey (2023). Taking into account the diverse social beliefs about Poland’s place in Europe and the complex picture of the relationship between „Polishness” and „Europeanness”, the article explores their links with both cultural and economic liberalism, as well as with self-identification on the left–right political spectrum. The findings indicate that attachment to Polishness is more often associated with conservative values and right-wing political identification, whereas a positive attitude towards the European Union is more strongly linked to left-wing values. At the same time, the lack of correlation between these two forms of attachment suggests their mutual independence. The article also considers generational differences, highlighting distinct patterns in the perception of Europeanness among the youngest respondents.