Przejdź do głównego menu Przejdź do sekcji głównej Przejdź do stopki
Journals name baner

Nr 2(09) (2018)

Wojna i siły zbrojne

Pobór powszechny i armia narodowa: przegląd problematyki

Opublikowane: 2018-12-30

Abstrakt

The paper deals with the conscription and the universal, compulsory military service. It presents it not as a groundbreaking novelty introduced by the French and American revolutionaries, but rather as a link in a chain of the development of various forms of a compulsory military service. In fact, it was far from universal, as it formed a burden that laid first and foremost on lower society classes. Only since the late XIX-th century it started to becoming truly universal, although the upper classes retained their privileged position in the military. In fact, variety of equality issues accompanied the conscription all over its whole existence. The paper also deals with the links, the supposed and real ones, which relate the conscription to the development of citizenship and democracy. It also touches upon the issue of the military usefulness of this recruitment form, compared to its alternatives, such as all-volunteer force, mercenary or militia.

Bibliografia

  1. Abrahamsson Bengt (1972), Military Professionalization and Political Power, Beverly Hills– London: Sage. [Google Scholar]
  2. Ajangiz Rafael (2008), The European Farewell to Conscription? w: Lars Mjøset, Stephen Van Holde (red.), The Comparative Study of Conscription in the Armed Forces, Bingley: Emerald, s. 306–333. [Google Scholar]
  3. Assmann Jan (2008), Pamięć kulturowa, Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. [Google Scholar]
  4. Avant Deborah D. (2005), The Market for Force. The Consequences of Privatizing Security. Cambridge–New York: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
  5. Bailey Beth (2013), Soldiering as Work The All-Volunteer Force in the United States, w: Erik-Jan Zürcher (red.), Fighting for a Living. A Comparative Study of Military Labour 1500–2000, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, s. 581–612. [Google Scholar]
  6. Benvenuti Francesco (1988), The Bolsheviks and the Red Army 1918–1922, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
  7. Bílek Jiří (1997), Vojáci druhé kategorie, cz. I/II, „Historie a vojenství“, nr 5, s. 73–93; nr 6, s. 57–86. [Google Scholar]
  8. Blanton Harold D. (2009), Conscription in France in the Era of Napoleon, w: Donald Stoker, Frederick C. Schneid, Harold D. Blanton (red.), Conscription in the Napoleonic Era. A Revolution in Military Affairs? London–New York: Routledge, s. 6–23. [Google Scholar]
  9. Bloch Marc (2008), Dziwna klęska, Warszawa: Oficyna Naukowa. [Google Scholar]
  10. Carey David Jr. (2008), Who Is Using Whom? A Comparison of Military Conscription in Guatemala and Senegal in the First Half of the Twentieth Century, w: Lars Mjøset, Stephen Van Holde (red.), The Comparative Study of Conscription in the Armed Forces, Bingley: [Google Scholar]
  11. Emerald, s. 171–200. Chałasiński Józef (1938), Młode pokolenie chłopów. Procesy i zagadnienia kształtowanie się warstwy chłopskiej w Polsce, t. III, Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Kultury Wsi. [Google Scholar]
  12. Clausewitz Carl von (1995), O wojnie wojnie: księgi I–VIII, Lublin: Test. [Google Scholar]
  13. Finer Samuel (1975), State- and Nation-Building in Europe: The Role of the Military. w: Charles Tilly (red.), The Formation of National States in Europe, Princeton: Princeton University Press. [Google Scholar]
  14. Flynn George Q. (2002), The Draft in France, Great Britain and United States, Westport–London: Greenwood Press. [Google Scholar]
  15. Foucault Michel (1998), Nadzorować i karać, Warszawa: Alatheia. [Google Scholar]
  16. Frevert Ute (2004), Nation in Barracks. Modern Germany, Military Conscription and Civil Society, Oxford–New York: Berg. [Google Scholar]
  17. Giddens Anthony (1996), The Nation-State and Violence. Volume Two of a Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Cambridge–Oxford: Polity Press. [Google Scholar]
  18. Haraszti Miklós (2001), Mongrel Military Reform Makes Draft Worse Than Ever, „Budapest Business Journal”, 23 lipca 2001 r., http://www.c3.hu/~farkashe/english/HarasztiBBJ. html (dostęp: 30 września 2018). [Google Scholar]
  19. Hašek Jaroslav (2000), Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války, Praha: Cesty. [Google Scholar]
  20. Hippler Thomas (2008), Citizens, Soldiers and National Armies. Military Service in France and Germany, 1789–1830, London–New York: Routledge. [Google Scholar]
  21. Hippler Thomas (2013), The French Army 1789-1914 Volunteers, Pressed Soldiers and Conscripts, w: Erik-Jan Zürcher (red.), Fighting for a Living. A Comparative Study of Military Labour 1500–2000, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, s. 419–446. [Google Scholar]
  22. Högman Hans (2018), The Allotment System – Sweden, http://www.hhogman.se/allotment_system.htm (dostęp: 22 sierpnia 2018). [Google Scholar]
  23. Holmes Richard (2011), Soldiers. Army Lives and Loyalties from Redcoats to Dusty Warriors, London: Harper Press. [Google Scholar]
  24. Huntington Samuel P. (2005), The Soldier and the State. The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations, Dehradun: Natraj Publishers. [Google Scholar]
  25. Janowitz Morris, Shils Edward A. (1975), Cohesion and Disintegration in the Wehrmacht in World War II, w: Morris Janowitz, Military Conflict. Essays in the Institutional Analysis of War and Peace, Beverly Hills–London: Sage, s. 177–220. [Google Scholar]
  26. Jones Colin (1980), The Military Revolution and the Professionalisation of the French Army under the Ancien Regime, w: Michael Duffy (red.), The Military Revolution and the State 1500–1800, Exeter: University of Exeter, s. 29–47. [Google Scholar]
  27. Jurek Tomasz (1999), Ruch sportowy na ziemiach polskich w okresie zaborów, w: Jerzy Gaj, Bernard Woltmann (red.), Zarys historii sportu w Polsce (1867–1996), Gorzów Wlkp.: Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Kultury Fizycznej. [Google Scholar]
  28. Kestenbaum Meyer (2008), Citizen-Soldiers, National Service and the Mass Army: The Birth of Conscription in Revolutionary Europe and North America, w: Lars Mjøset, Stephen Van Holde (red.), The Comparative Study of Conscription in the Armed Forces, Bingley: Emerald, s. 117–144. [Google Scholar]
  29. Kilias Jarosław (2004), Wspólnota abstrakcyjna. Zarys socjologii narodu, Warszawa: IFiS PAN. [Google Scholar]
  30. Kilias Jarosław (2017), Wprowadzając ponownie państwo: od socjologii historycznej do państwocentrycznej? w: Jacek Raciborski (red.), Państwo w praktyce: style działania, Kraków: Nomos, s. 65–84. Krylova Anna (2012), Radzieckie kobiety w walce. Historia przemocy na froncie wschodnim, Zakrzewo: Replika. [Google Scholar]
  31. Leander Anna (2004), Drafting Community: Understanding the Fate of Conscription, „Armed Forces and Society”, nr 4, s. 572–599. [Google Scholar]
  32. Łuczewski Michał (2012), Odwieczny naród. Polak i katolik w Żmiącej, Toruń: FNP – Wydawnictwo UMK. [Google Scholar]
  33. Manstein Erich von (2001), Stracone zwycięstwa. Wspomnienia 1939–1944, Warszawa: Lampart, Bellona. [Google Scholar]
  34. McNeill William H. (1982), The Pursuit of Power. Technology, Armed Forces, and Society since A.D. 1000, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. [Google Scholar]
  35. Mikaberidze Alexander (2009), Conscription in Russia in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries „For Faith, Tsar and Motherland”, w: Donald Stoker, Frederick C. Schneid, Harold D. Blanton (red.), Conscription in the Napoleonic Era. A Revolution in Military Affairs? London–New York: Routledge, s. 46–65. [Google Scholar]
  36. Mjøset Lars, Van Holde Stephen (2008), Killing for the State, Dying for the Nation: An Introductory Essay on the Life Cycle of Conscription into Europe’s Armed Forces, w: Lars Mjøset, Stephen Van Holde (red.), The Comparative Study of Conscription in the Armed Forces, Bingley: Emerald, s. 3–94. [Google Scholar]
  37. Møller Bjørn (2008), Conscription and Its Alternatives. w: Lars Mjøset, Stephen Van Holde (red.), The Comparative Study of Conscription in the Armed Forces, Bingley: Emerald, s. 277–306. [Google Scholar]
  38. Mosse George L. (1990), Fallen Soldiers. Reshaping the Memory of the Worlds Wars, New York–Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]
  39. Nowaczyk Olga (2009), Zawodowi szeregowcy. Perspektywy i szanse nowego korpusu osobowego w armii polskiej, w: Jan Maciejewski, Agata Krasowska-Marut, Andrzej Rusak (red.), Szeregowcy w grupach dyspozycyjnych. Socjologiczna analiza zawodu i jego roli w społeczeństwie, Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, s. 61–66. [Google Scholar]
  40. Raciborski Jacek (2011), Obywatelstwo w perspektywie socjologicznej, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. [Google Scholar]
  41. Remarque Erich Maria (1971), Im Westen nichts Neues, Gütersloh: Mohndruck. [Google Scholar]
  42. Sasson-Levy Orna (2002), Constructing Identities at the Margins: Masculinities and Citizenship in the Israeli Army, „The Sociological Quarterly”, nr 3, s. 357–383. [Google Scholar]
  43. Skocpol Theda (1984), States and Social Revolutions. A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
  44. Skocpol Theda (1992), Protecting Soldiers and Mothers. The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States, Cambrigde–London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. [Google Scholar]
  45. Smith Peter (2005), Why War? The Cultural logic of Iraq, the Gulf War and Suez, Chicago-London: The University of Chicago Press. [Google Scholar]
  46. Stouffer Samuel, Suchman Edward A., DeVinney Leland C., Star Shirley A., Williams Robin M. (1949), The American Soldier: Adjustment During Army Life, t. I, Princeton: Princeton University Press. [Google Scholar]
  47. Syndor Charles W. (1998), Żołnierze zagłady. Dywizja SS-Totenkopf 1933–1945, Warszawa: [Google Scholar]
  48. Oskar. Thisner Fredrik (2009), Manning the Armed Forces. The Swedish Solution, w: Donald Stoker, [Google Scholar]
  49. Frederick C. Schneid i Harold D. Blanton (red.), Conscription in the Napoleonic Era. A Revolution in Military Affairs? London–New York: Routledge, s. 162–174. [Google Scholar]
  50. Tilly Charles (1990), Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990–1990, Oxford–Cambridge: Blackwell. [Google Scholar]
  51. Toffler Alvin, Toffler, Heidi (1997), Wojna i antywojna, Waszawa: Muza. [Google Scholar]
  52. Van Creveld Martin (2014), Żywiąc wojnę. Logistyka od Wallensteina do Pattona, Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Erica, Tetragon. [Google Scholar]
  53. Walter Dirk (2009), Meeting the French Challenge. Conscription in Prussia, 1807–1815. w: Donald Stoker, Frederick C. Schneid i Harold D. Blanton (red.), Conscription in the Napoleonic Era. A Revolution in Military Affairs? London–New York: Routledge, s. 24–45. [Google Scholar]
  54. Weber Eugen (1976), Peasants Into Frenchmen. The Modernization of Rural France, Stanford: Stanford University Press. [Google Scholar]
  55. Weber Max (2002), Gospodarka i społeczeństwo. Zarys socjologii rozumiejącej, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. [Google Scholar]
  56. Wiatr Jerzy J. (1982), Socjologia wojska, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo MON. [Google Scholar]
  57. Wong Leonard, Kolditz Thomas A., Millen Raymond A., Potter Terrence M. (2002), Why They Fight: Combat Motivation in the Iraq War, Strategic Studies Institute, https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pdffiles/PUB179.pdf (dostęp 30 września 2018). [Google Scholar]
  58. Zalewski Jerzy (2002), Wojsko Polskie w przemianach ustrojowych 1989–2001, Warszawa: Elipsa. [Google Scholar]

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.