Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Teka Commission of Legal Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences Branch in Lublin

Vol. 13 No. 2 (2020)

Articles

Prevention of Hazards Associated with Shipwrecks and Chemical Warfare Agents Accumulated on Seabed as a Task of Public Administration – the Case of Poland

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32084/tekapr.2020.13.2-18  [Google Scholar]
Published: 2020-12-31

Abstract

This paper elaborates on the tasks of the public administration regarding the counteraction of risks and hazards associated with shipwrecks (in particular, the fuel contained therein) and containers with chemical warfare agents accumulated on the bed of the Baltic Sea within the area under Polish jurisdiction. The main aim of the paper is to determine which tasks specifically rest on the public administration in this respect, and on which legal grounds they should be executed. The analysis refers predominantly to the acts of Polish internal law, but it also considers the larger framework of international agreements and the European Union law. The conclusions drawn point to the need to supplement the regulatory provisions and marine and emergency response management systems for marine and coastal pollution events.

References

  1. Bełdowski, Jacek, Zygmunt Klusek, Marta Szubska, et al. 2016. “Chemical Munitions Search & Assessment – An evaluation of the dumped munitions problem in the Baltic Sea.” Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography vol. 128, 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.01.017 [Google Scholar]
  2. Czub, Michał, Lech Kotwicki, Thomas Lang, et al. 2018. “Deep sea habitats in the chemical warfare dumping areas of the Baltic Sea” Science of The Total Environment vol. 616–17, 1485–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.165 [Google Scholar]
  3. Danecka, Daria, and Wojciech Radecki. 2020. Ustawa o odpadach. Komentarz. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer Polska. [Google Scholar]
  4. Górski, Marek. 2019. “Nadzwyczajny tryb usuwania odpadów.” Przegląd Komunalny 12:18–19. [Google Scholar]
  5. Greenberg, Michael, Kevin J. Sexton, and David Vearrier. 2016. “Sea-dumped chemical weapons: environmental risk, occupational hazard.” Clinical Toxicology 54, no. 2:79–91. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2015.1121272 [Google Scholar]
  6. Hac, Benedykt, and Grażyna Dembska. 2018. Wstępny Plan oczyszczania wraku T/S FRANKEN. Warszawa: Fundacja Mare. [Google Scholar]
  7. Korzeniewski, Krzysztof. 1999. “Chemical warfare agents dumped in the Baltic Sea. An overview.” Oceanological Studies 28, no. 1–2:83–103. [Google Scholar]
  8. Maes, Frank. 2008. “The international legal framework for marine spatial planning.” Marine Policy 32, no. 5:797–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2008.03.013 [Google Scholar]
  9. Piwowarczyk, Joanna, and Borys Wróbel. 2016. “Determinants of legitimate governance of marine Natura 2000 sites in a post-transition European Union country: A case study of Puck Bay, Poland.” Marine Policy vol. 71, 310–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.01.019 [Google Scholar]
  10. Plasman, Cathy. 2008. “Implementing marine spatial planning: A policy perspective.” Marine Policy 32, no. 5:811–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2008.03.016 [Google Scholar]
  11. Rogowska, Justyna, Błażej Kudłak, Stefan L. Tsakovski, et al. 2015. “Surface sediments pollution due to shipwreck s/s «Stuttgart»: a multidisciplinary approach.” Stochastic Environmental Research And Risk Assessment 29, no. 7:1797–807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-015-1054-0 [Google Scholar]
  12. Sanderson, Hans, Patrik Fauser, Marianne Thomsen, et al. 2008. “Screening level fish community risk assessment of chemical warfare agents in the Baltic Sea.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 154, no. 1–3:846–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.117 [Google Scholar]
  13. Sanderson, Hans, Patrik Fauser, Marianne Thomsen, et al. 2009. “Human health risk screening due to consumption of fish contaminated with chemical warfare agents in the Baltic Sea.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 162, no. 1:416–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat. 2008.05.059 [Google Scholar]
  14. Soininen, Niko, and Hassan Daud. 2019. “Marine spatial planning and the new frontiers of marine governance.” In International Marine Environmental Law and Policy, ed. Daud Hassan, and Karim Saiful, 101–19. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315624921 [Google Scholar]
  15. Szubska, Marta. 2018. “Arsenic in the environment of the Baltic Sea – a review.” In Interdisciplinary Approaches for Sustainable Development Goals. Economic Growth, Social Inclusion and Environmental Protection, ed. Tymon Zieliński, Iwona Sagan, and Waldemar Surosz, 111–31. GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences: Springer 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71788-3_9 [Google Scholar]
  16. Tychinin, Dmitry, and Paul Kosterin. 2000. “Problems in chemical-weapon destruction.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 7:245–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987359 [Google Scholar]

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.