The international protection of children’s rights developed after the Second World War owing to the documents adopted by the United Nations and other international organizations of a universal and regional nature. The most important international instrument of the broadest scope of applicability is the Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1989. Pursuant to this Convention, a supervisory body was established, namely the Committee on the Rights of the Child. Many conventions on children’s rights have been drawn up under the auspices of the Council of Europe. Conventions and declarations relating to various aspects of the protection of children’s rights have also been developed by other regional organizations: the Organization of American States, the Organization of African Unity and the African Union and the Association of South-East Asian Nations. Provisions on the protection of children in armed conflicts have been incorporated into international humanitarian law acts. International protection was also granted to refugee children and children who belong to national minorities. The effectiveness of international protection of the rights of the child depends on compliance by the high contracting parties with their obligations arising from international conventions adopted in this field and the establishment of bodies to supervise the implementation process.