Economic self-government is one of the forms of decentralization of public administration, assuming the participation of persons with common interests connected by an economic bond. The purpose of the self-government is to represent the interests of entrepreneurs, caring for economic development of a country and action towards entrepreneurship. Although the first chambers of commerce were established during the period of captivity, a significant development of economic selfgovernment occurred in the Second Polish Republic. The chambers of crafts, chambers of agriculture and chambers of industry and commerce have occurred in the whole country. In the years 1918-1939 professional self-government institutions were an important element of the state administrative structure. The chambers were considered as public associations, operating through their own bodies and having clearly defined abilities. The legal regulations, which were established in the interwar period, may inspire those who influence the shape of economic self-government institutions in the Third Polish Republic.