The Volhynia Massacre was one of the most inhumane crimes committed in the twentieth century, during the Second World War, and directed against civilians – against Poles. The time frame of Volhynia Massacre was 1943-1945. The perpetrators of the massacre were the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and its military wing, called the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). Article 118 § 1 of the Polish Penal Code of 1997 introduced the notion of genocide into Polish domestic law. The Volhynian massacres have all the traits of genocide listed in the 1948 UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.