Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego

Vol. 18 No. 20 (2) (2023)

Articles

Responsibility for Pollution of Outer Space

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32084/bsawp.5619  [Google Scholar]
Published: 2023-12-01

Abstract

The legacy of over 50 years of spaceflight has brought not only technical developments and scientific and achievements, but it has also led to a growing population of space debris. There are many sources of space pollution: abandoned equipment such as launch vehicle upper stages or satellites that have been abandoned at the end of their life, items from spacecraft released during mission operations (typically these items include launch vehicle fairings, split screws, cable ties, lens hoods and caps). Various shapes and sizes of debris are also produced by equipment degradation due to gases, solar radiation, as well as the operation of solid rocket engines. Examples of such products are paint flakes, alumina particles from exhaust gases and solid engine coating residues. The international community is making efforts to reduce the danger posed by the spread of space debris caused by state and private entities involved in the exploitation of space.

References

  1. Bonnal, Christophe. 2016. Pollution Spatiale: I’état d’urgence. Paris: Edition Belin. [Google Scholar]
  2. Hacket, George T. 1994. Space Debris and the Corpus Iuris Spatialis. Forum for Air and Space Law. Vol. 2. Gif sur Yvette: Editions Frontières. [Google Scholar]
  3. Mosteshar, Sa’id. 2013. „Space Situational Awareness: need, solutions and some consequences.” Zeitschrift für Luftrecht und Weltraum-Rechtsfragen 4:719-26. [Google Scholar]
  4. Muweis, Justyna. 2018. „Odpady w przestrzeni kosmicznej i próby ich minimalizowania.” Kosmos. Problemy Nauk Biologicznych 67, nr 2:449-54. https://doi.org/10.36921/kos.2018_2403 [Google Scholar]
  5. Pavesi, Giulia. 2018. „Legal Consequences of Environmental Pollution in Outer Space.” W A Fresh View on Outer Spacy Treaty, red. Annette Froelich, 1-15. Cham: Springer. [Google Scholar]
  6. Pelton, Joseph, Tomasso Sgobba, i Marc Trujillo. 2020. „Space Safety.” W Handbook of Space Security. Policies, Applications and Programs, red. Kai U. Schrogl, Adriaensen Maarten, Christina Giannopapa, i in., 1-34. Cham: Springer. [Google Scholar]
  7. Robinson, Jana M., Paul Schaefer, i Karl F. von der Dunk (red.). 2010. ESPI Report 27 Prospects for Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures in Space (September 2010). Vienna: ESPI. [Google Scholar]
  8. Steele, Scott M. 2020. „Can International Law Provide a Basis for Actively Removing Space Debris?” https://amostech.com/TechnicalPapers/2020/Orbital-Debris/Steele.pdf [dostęp: 15.10.2021]. [Google Scholar]
  9. Veliev, Nikita, Anton Ivanov, i Shamil Biktimirov. 2020. „Active Debris Removal for Mega-constellation – reliabity.” W Handbook of Space Security, red. Kai U. Schrogl, 1-19. Cham: Springer Nature. [Google Scholar]
  10. Verspieren, Quentin. 2020. „The US Air Force compliance with the Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices.” https://amostech.com/TechnicalPapers/2020/Orbital-Debris/Verspieren.pdf [dostęp: 15.10.2021]. [Google Scholar]
  11. Ziemnicki, Paweł. 2019. „Aktywne sprzątanie orbity jedynym sposobem na kosmiczne śmieci.” https://www.space24.pl/aktywne-sprzatanie-orbity-jedynym-sposobem-na-kosmiczne-smieci-wywiad [dostęp: 15.09.2022]. [Google Scholar]

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.