The subject-matter of the study is to analyse inspection performed by a commune head (mayor, president of the city) in terms of observance of environmental regulations by specific entities. The choice of the subject-matter was substantiated by the fact that the scholarship of environmental protection law lacks current detailed analysis on environmental inspection and the role of the commune’s executive authority in the investigated area. The aim of the paper is to obtain answers to two questions where the first one is of a general, whereas the second of a detailed nature. These are the following research problems: 1) is the commune head (mayor, president of the city) only an environmental inspection authority or perhaps is its scope of competences broader, thus giving him the role of a supervisory authority?; 2) what legal effects result from the fact that a commune head (mayor, president of the city) acts in a dual role in the issue in question? The method of interpretation of applicable laws was adopted as the research methodology. The reflections below show that the commune head (mayor, president of the city) is not only an authority of inspection for observance of environmental protection laws, but it also appears as a supervisory authority in certain areas of environmental protection law, which implies that the legal position of a commune head (mayor, president of the city) in terms of environmental inspection is a target (existing) model. This means that the inspection-supervisory powers conferred upon this authority are in fact sufficient.