Scientific and technological progress requires employers to ask questions about the axiology of work again. This article takes up considerations regarding legal regulations of employee health protection in the context of guidelines offered by the teachings of the Catholic Church from the perspective of the development of science and technology in work performance. The purpose of this publication is not to present a detailed analysis of the scientific and technological progress including new forms of employment. The existence of such progress is only a contribution to the reflections on the topicality of the legislation on occupational health and safety and on the adequacy of applied employee health protections in the light of dangers occurring in the workplace in the context of goals and values indicated by the teachings of selected representatives of the Catholic Church.