The study is an insight into legal protection of child through primary legislation which was effective in Slovakia in the first years of the formation of the public and private social system, provided by multiple subjects in multiple stages. The authors pay attention to the former Hungarian and latter Czechoslovak legal norms which continued to be effective during the war Slovak Republic and post-war (post-1945) era when the first general codes on child care and youth care were adopted. In both the Hungarian and Czechoslovak environment, the legislative efforts on child care and youth care (social protection, protection of health, protection through the means of criminal law, etc.) were strengthened in this period.