The aim of this article is to characterise the methods, forms and activities within the framework of in-service training and professional pragmatics of the Association of Teaching Priests in Galicia in the years 1899–1909, which was a particular feature of the activity of this organisation – the first of its kind intended for the Polish clergy involved in religious teaching and upbringing during the period of partitions, in the territory occupied by Austria. The first part is devoted to the issues of increasing the educational content and personal development of the members of the Association of Teaching Priests and focuses on the matter of shaping and improving their professional skills, which was accomplished through the organisation of lectures and thematic discussions, demonstration lessons, RE teachers’ conventions, the provision of teaching resources, the reading of professional periodicals, and through participation in spiritual formation aimed at strengthening the faith of the teaching priests and renewing their enthusiasm in the field of religious teaching and upbringing. The second part deals with the regulations governing the rights and duties of priests as school teachers and focuses on initiatives taken by members of the Association of Teaching Priests to improve their working conditions in the school environment in terms of financial and service conditions. The key conclusions include the statement that the main reason for establishing the said organisation and undertaking the indicated forms of activity was the concern for the effectiveness of education and religious formation of pupils as well as protection of teaching priests’ labor rights.