The article sketches an outline of the history of the revival of military education which took place in the Second Polish Republic, with particular emphasis on selected legal aspects of the development of organizational structures of military schools created at that time. The time frame in question begins with Poland’s regaining her independence in 1918 and ends with the outbreak of World War II. The author presents selected issues related to reconstruction and development of 136 Polish military education in the interwar period, including the post-war era and the time of peace. The enormous effort to regain independence enabled a two-way rebirth of Polish military schools: on the basis of the military staff of the former partitioning states and in the form of training courses for the military in the country. In 1921–1923, the soldier training system was changed from a war-time to a peace-time system. The system so organized remained relatively stable until the outbreak of World War II. The historical and legal heritage including the creation and evolution of the system of Polish military schools after the First World War is a significant part of the history of the Polish Army. At the same time, the level represented by the professional staff testifies to the value of the armed forces as a whole. To invoke the relevant historical context regarding the legal aspects of the military school reconstruction process in the Second Polish Republic seems justified from the perspective of the higher military education reform in today’s Poland.