The author at the beginning of the article describes the genesis of freedom of speech, conscience and religion, and also defines the freedom of conscience. Then – characterizing the right to freedom of conscience in Europe in the face of current challenges – he makes a distinction between the freedom of conscience and the law that protects it. He points out that in Europe in which freedom of speech, conscience and religion is legally protected, there is a violation of the law, especially towards representatives of the Christian religion, in particular against Catholics.