Abstract
The ecclesiastical legislator, in accordance with canon 135 of the Code of Canon Law, divides the ecclesiastical power of government into legislative (legislativa), executive (executiva seu administrativa), and judicial (iudicialis). Judicial power consists of judging, that is, resolving a disputed matter based on the currently applicable provisions of canon law. Judicial power is exercised personally by the Bishop of Rome or the diocesan bishop; but in practice it is exercised by other persons and structures in accordance with the provisions of canon law. Judicial power is therefore exercised by the judicial vicar (official), judges, and ecclesiastical tribunals, i.e., ecclesiastical courts.
One such ecclesiastical tribunal is the Tribunal of the Rota of the Apostolic Nunciature in Spain, also known as the Tribunal of the Rota of Madrid or more commonly the Spanish Rota. This is essentially an appellate tribunal and was established by a privilege granted by the Holy See in the 16th century.
This article analyzes statistical data on the judicial activities of the Spanish Rota from 2020 to 2024 and demonstrates the importance of this tribunal for the Church and the canonical legal order in Spain, as well as for the universal Church.
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