Przejdź do głównego menu Przejdź do sekcji głównej Przejdź do stopki
Baner Consilium Iuridicum

Nr 1 (2024): Consilium Iuridicum

Artykuły

Nastroje kosmopolityczne w Stanach Zjed-noczonych w latach 1982‒2017: Postawy wśród osób młodych, w średnim wieku i starszych

  • Liqun Cao
  • Heejin Lee
  • Ronen Ziv
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52097/ci.8988  [Google Scholar]
Opublikowane: 17.07.2024

Abstrakt

Niniejsze badanie ma na celu zbadanie nastrojów liberalnego kosmopolityzmu w Stanach Zjednoczonych w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach i wypełnienie luk w literaturze na trzy sposoby. Po pierwsze, proponujemy nową wielowymiarową miarę kosmopolityzmu w oparciu o dane z World Values Surveys; po drugie, staramy się sprawdzić, czy istnieje tendencja do bycia bardziej lub mniej kosmopolitycznym w USA w latach 1982‒2017; i po trzecie, badamy, czy istnieją związane z wiekiem różnice w postawach publicznych. Wyniki potwierdzają nasze hipotezy: (1) Ogólne poparcie dla kosmopolityzmu rośnie – nawet w nowym stuleciu w zmienionej atmosferze politycznej. (2) Związane z wiekiem różnice w poparciu dla kosmopolityzmu pogłębiły się w ciągu ostatnich czterech dekad.

Bibliografia

  1. Aggarwal, V. K. 2016. Introduction: The rise of mega–FTAs and the Asian–Pacific. Asian Survey 56(6): 1005–1016. [Google Scholar]
  2. Bartels. L. M. 2018. Partisanship in the Trump Era. The Journal of Politics 80(40): 1483–1494. [Google Scholar]
  3. Bayram, A. B. 2019. Nationalist cosmopolitanism: the psychology of cosmopolitanism, national identity, and going to war for the country. Nations and Nationalism 25 (3): 757–781. [Google Scholar]
  4. Bayram, A. B. 2015. What drives modern Diogenes? Individual values and cosmopolitan allegiance. European Journal of International Rela-tions 21 (2): 451–479. [Google Scholar]
  5. Beck, U., and Sznaider. N. 2006 Unpacking cosmopolitanism for the social sciences: A research agenda. The British Journal of Sociology 57(1): 1–23. [Google Scholar]
  6. Bohman, J., and Lutz-Bachmann, M. 1997. Perpetual Peace: Essays on Kant’s Cosmopolitan Ideal. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [Google Scholar]
  7. Braithwaite, J. 2021. Glimmers of cosmopolitan criminology. International Criminology 1:5–12. [Google Scholar]
  8. Brooks, C., and Bolzendahl, C. 2004. The transformation of US gender role attitudes: cohort replacement, social–structural change and ideolog-ical learning. Social Science Research 33, 106–133. [Google Scholar]
  9. Brown, D. 1999. Are there good and bad nationalisms? Nations and Nationalism, 5(2): 281–302. [Google Scholar]
  10. Calhoun, C. 2003. The class consciousness of frequent travelers: A critique of actually existing cosmopolitanism. Pp. 86–116 in Daniele Archibugi (ed.), Debating Cosmopolitics. London: Verso. [Google Scholar]
  11. Cao, L., and Maguire, E. R. 2013. A test of the temperance hypothesis: Class, religiosity, and tolerance of prostitution. Social Problems 60(2), 188–205. [Google Scholar]
  12. Cao, L., Mei, X., and Li, Y. 2024. Correlates of severity in mass public shootings in the United States, 1966–2022. Journal of Applied Security Research, online first. [Google Scholar]
  13. Cao, L. and Selman, D. 2010. Children of the common mother: Social determinants of liberalism in the U.S. and Canada. Sociological Focus 43 (4): 311–329. [Google Scholar]
  14. Cao, L., Zhao, J., Ren, L., and Zhao, R. 2015. Do in–group and out–group trusts matter in predicting confidence in order institutions: A study of three culturally distinctive countries. International Sociology 30: 674–693. [Google Scholar]
  15. Cullen, F. T. 1994. Social support as an organizing concept for crimi-nology: Presidential address to the Academy of Criminal Justice Scienc-es. Justice Quarterly 11(4): 527–559. [Google Scholar]
  16. Cullen, F., Graham, A., Jonson, C., Pickett, J., Sloan, M., & Haner, M. 2021. The denier in chief: Faith in Trump and techniques of neutralization in a pandemic. Deviant Behavior 43(7): 829-851. [Google Scholar]
  17. Delanty, G. and He, B. 2008. Cosmopolitan perspectives on European and Asian transnationalism. International Sociology 23(3): 323–344. [Google Scholar]
  18. Dyck, J. J., Pearson–Merkowitz, S., and Coates, M. 2018. Primary dis-trust: Political distrust and support for the insurgent candidacies of Don-ald Trump and Bernie Sanders in the 2016 primary. PS: Political Science & Politics 51(2), 351–357. [Google Scholar]
  19. Furia, P. A. 2005. Global citizenship, anyone? Cosmopolitanism, privilege and public opinion. Global Society 19 (4): 331–359. [Google Scholar]
  20. Gorman, B., and Seguin, C. 2018. World citizens on the periphery: Threat and identification with global society. American Journal of Sociology 124(3): 705–761. [Google Scholar]
  21. Graham, A., Cullen, F., Butler, L., Burton, A., & Burton, V., Jr. (2021). Who wears the MAGA hat? Racial beliefs and faith in Trump. Socius, 7, 1–16. [Google Scholar]
  22. Graham, A., Cullen, F., Pickett, J., Jonson, C., Haner, M., & Sloan, M. (2020). Faith in Trump, moral foundations, and social distancing defiance during the coronavirus pandemic. Socius, 6, 1–23. [Google Scholar]
  23. Graham, A., Jonson, C. J., and Lee, H. 2022. Back in my day: Generational beliefs about school shootings. Criminal Justice Review 47(3): 369–398. [Google Scholar]
  24. Hochschild, A. R. 2018. Strangers in their own land: Anger and mourning on the American right. The New Press. [Google Scholar]
  25. Hooghe, M., and Dassonneville, R. 2018. Explaining the Trump vote: The effect of racist resentment and anti–immigrant sentiments. PS: Poli-tical Science & Politics 51(3): 528–534. [Google Scholar]
  26. Inglehart, R., and Baker, W. E. 2000. Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values. American Sociological Review 65(1): 19–51. [Google Scholar]
  27. Inglehart, R., and Welzel, C. 2005. Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence. Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
  28. Jung, J. K. 2008. Growing supranational identities in a globalizing world?. European Journal of Political Research 47(5): 578–609. [Google Scholar]
  29. Lee, H., Cullen, F. T., Burton, A. L., and Burton, V. S. Jr. 2022. Millennials as the future of corrections: A generational analysis of public policy opinions. Crime & Delinquency 68(12): 2355–2392. [Google Scholar]
  30. McCall, L., and Manza, J. 2011. Class differences in social and political attitudes in the United States. The Oxford Handbook of American Public Opinion and the Media. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]
  31. McCright, A. M., and Dunlap, R.E. 2011. The politicization of climate change and polarization in the American public views of global warming, 2001–2010. The Sociological Quarterly 52: 155–194. [Google Scholar]
  32. McFarland, S. Hackett, J., Hamer, K., Katzarska-Miller, I., Malsch, A., Reese, G, and Reysen, S. 2019. Global human identification and citi-zenship: A review of psychological studies, Advances in Political Psy-chology 40, Suppl 1, 141–171. [Google Scholar]
  33. McFarland, S. Webb, M., and Brown, D. 2012. All humanity is my in-group: A measure and studies of identification with all humanity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 103 (5): 830–853. [Google Scholar]
  34. Merton, R. K. 1964. Social Theory and Social Structure. London: The Free Press. [Google Scholar]
  35. Norris, P. and Inglehart, R. 2009. Is national diversity under threat? Cosmopolitan communications and cultural convergence. Available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1451377. [Google Scholar]
  36. Nussbaum, Martha C. 2008. Toward a globally sensitive patriotism. Daedlus 137(3): 78–93. [Google Scholar]
  37. Ossewaarde, M. 2007. Cosmopolitanism and the society of strangers. Current Sociology 55(3): 367–88. [Google Scholar]
  38. Pew Research Center. June 12, 2014. Political polarization in the Amer-ican Public. Available at https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/ 12/political–polarization–in–the–american–public/. [Google Scholar]
  39. Pichler, F. 2009. ‘Down–to–earth’ cosmopolitanism. Current Sociology 57 (5), 704–732. [Google Scholar]
  40. Pichler, F. 2011. Cosmopolitanism in a global perspective. International Sociology 27 (1): 21–50. [Google Scholar]
  41. Phillips, T, and Smith, P. 2008. Cosmopolitan beliefs and cosmopolitan practices: An empirical investigation. Journal of Sociology 44 (4): 391–399. [Google Scholar]
  42. Reisig, Michael D., Kristy Holtfreter, and Francis T. Cullen. 2022. Faith in Trump and the willingness to punish white–collar crime: Chinese Americans as an out–group. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 12:1–27. [Google Scholar]
  43. Schueth, S., and O’Loughlin, J. 2008. Belonging to the world: Cosmo-politanism in geographic contexts. Geoforum 39: 926–941. [Google Scholar]
  44. Shi, L., Lu, Y., and Pickett. J. T. 2020. The public salience of crime, 1960–2014: Age–period–cohort and time–series analyses. Criminology 58(3): 568–593. [Google Scholar]
  45. Stack, S., Adamczyk, A., and Cao, L. 2010. Survivalism and public opin-ion on criminality: A cross-national analysis of prostitution. Social Forces 88 (4): 1703–1726. [Google Scholar]
  46. Tan, K. C. 2004. Justice without Borders: Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism, and Patriotism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
  47. The Guardian. 2019. Trump denounced globalism. https://www.theguardian.com/us–news/2019/sep/24/donald–trump–un–address–denounces–globalism [Google Scholar]
  48. Twenge, J. 2017. iGen: Why today’s super-connected kids are growing up with less rebellious, more tolerant, less happy ‒ and completely un-prepared for adulthood. Atriabooks. [Google Scholar]
  49. Welzel, C. 2013. Freedom Rising: Human Empowerment and the Quest for Emancipation. New York: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
  50. Young, J. 2011. The Criminological Imagination. London, UK: Polity. [Google Scholar]
  51. Zhang, T. H., Sun, J., and Cao, L. (2020). Education, internet use, and confidence in the police. Asian Journal of Criminology 16 (2): 165–182. [Google Scholar]
  52. Zhou, M. 2016. Social and individual sources of self-identification as global citizens: Evidence from the interactive multilevel model. Sociolo-gical Perspectives 59 (1): 153–176. [Google Scholar]
  53. Ziv, R., Graham, A., and Cao, L. 2019. America first? Trump, crime, and justice internationally. Victims & Offenders 14 (8): 997–1009. [Google Scholar]

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.