The article concerns the protection of good reputation and dignity of Polish nation and the Republic of Poland in the view of regulations of Code of Criminal Proceedings and Code of Petty Offences. According to author, currently three is no legal regulation that without doubts would protect dignity and reputation of Polish nation and the Republic of Poland in the context of imputing responsibility for committing Nazi, Communist or any other crimes. The use of Art. 133 of Code of Criminal Proceedings is limited to such cases as insulting the nation or the Republic of Poland. The basis of criminal liability as per Art. 133 is insulting behaviour, hence if in given case there will be no possibility to prove insult, despite damage to reputation and dignity of Polish nation and the Republic of Poland, the Art. 133 cannot be applied. Therefore protection of reputation and dignity of the Republic of Poland is piecemal and incomplete. Art. 49 of Code of Criminal proceedings isn’t also appropriate for protection. It forbids disregarding of Polish nation which is not the same as imputing liability for committing any crimes. According to author the range of responsibility in given regulations indicates that they do not protect Polish nation and the Republic of Poland enough from imputing about any past crimes. It is also worth to remember that objectively not true charges can also concern committing any modern-day crimes, also those prosecuted on the basis of international law. These regulations cannot be used also in such cases.