Human dignity is a constantly changing social phenomenon. Its essence may be theoretically expressed only by notions that are developing, transforming and replacing one another. Along with that, human dignity is a basic social value, for it is based on human autonomy. Autonomy is the basis for forming a personality based on rational choice of possible actions, life style in general, following one’s own values and own system of values. Under such circumstances, a person creates oneself, recognizes their responsibility for their life and ability to do anything at their own discretion. An autonomous person, who has a clearly defined individuality, a clear life plan, shaped worldviews, own system of values makes a considered independent choice, is a carrier of dignity. In connection with this, of great importance is regulation of the idea of human dignity in positive law and establishment of effective mechanisms of their protection. The idea of inviolability of dignity and human rights, their equality and inherence reflects the age-long striving of humanity to destroy all forms of violence and oppression, striving to coexist based on principles of justice, democracy and humanism.