The article analyses the duty to provide transport services which lay with local administration units in the Kingdom of Poland (1815-1918) – rural and municipal commune. The research covers two periods in the history of the Kingdom, namely the so-called constitutional period, from the Congress of Vienna to the November Uprising, and then the period of limited political separateness after the fall of the Uprising, until the end of the Kingdom as a result of World War I. The author draws attention to the essence and nature of commune self-government and public burdens 96 (obligations) which lay on it, putting particular emphasis on the extremely onerous commune burdens that were borne by the population for the benefit of the army and public officials.