The article attempts to characterize selected issues related to the phenomenon of catfishing. The Author defines the concept of catfishing, analyzes its legal nature against the background of the legal regulations in force in the Republic of Poland and discusses selected criminal and civil law aspects of blackmail in cyberspace, in particular, comprehensively presenting criminal and civil sanctions related to the phenomenon of catfishing. In addition, presents the Author’s point of view on the issues in question, seeking to enrich the arguments presented.