Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

No. 3/2024 (2024)

Artykuły

Legal Implications of the Hybrid Warfare on the Polish-Belarusian Border

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52097/eppism.9270  [Google Scholar]
Published: 2024-11-04

Abstract

The term hybrid warfare does not have a consistent definition. Generally, it refers to deniable and secret activities supported by the threat or use of conventional or nuclear forces to influence the internal policies of the target countries. Some authors use the term
to refer only to irregular tactics, others use the hybrid to describe several irregular and conventional tactics used on the same battlefield, and others use the term to describe the doctrine of next-generation warfare formulated by the top leadership of the Russian General Staff. Many authors criticise this term as meaningless, fashionable, or catchy, which does not help us understand the specificity of the threat from Russia. An assessment of Belarus’s theory and practice of actions indicates that a new generation of war has emerged. Some examples include cyber-attacks, election interference, and disinformation campaigns, including those on social media. The basic features of hybrid warfare are presented, referring to the case of Russia and Belarus. For Russia and Belarus, hybrid war is an opportunity to exert political influence, and for criminal groups – easy money. The purpose of the article is to show the consequences of hybrid warfare on the Polish-Belarusian border.

References

  1. Bezmenow, Y., Love Letter to America, Los Angeles 1984. [Google Scholar]
  2. Bryc, A., Rosja w XXI wieku, Gracz światowy czy koniec gry? [Russia in the 21st Century. World player or game over?], Warsaw 2009. [Google Scholar]
  3. Clausewitz C. von, O naturze wojny [About the Nature of War], Warsaw 2006. [Google Scholar]
  4. Depczyński, M., Rosyjskie siły zbrojne [Russian Armed Forces], Warsaw 2015. [Google Scholar]
  5. Kranz, J., Kilka uwag na tle aneksji Krymu przez Rosję [Some Remarks Against the Background of Russia’s Annexation of Crimea], „Państwo i Prawo” [The State and the Law] 2014, 8. [Google Scholar]
  6. Pacek, B., Wojna hybrydowa na Ukrainie [Hybrid Warfare in Ukraine], Warsaw 2018. [Google Scholar]
  7. Pietraś, M., Bezpieczeństwo państwa w późnowestfalskim środowisku międzynarodowym [State Security in the Late Westphalian International Environment] (in:) Kryteria bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego państwa [Criteria for the Security of the International State], (ed.) S. Dębski, B. Górka-Winter, Warsaw 2003. [Google Scholar]
  8. Piotrowski, M., Konflikt nie jest prosty: amerykańska teoria i doktryna wojen oraz przeciwników hybrydowych [Conflict is Never Simple: American theory and doctrine of wars and hybrid opponents], „Sprawy Międzynarodowe – International Affairs” 2015, 2. [Google Scholar]
  9. Podraza, A., Promocja demokracji a bezpieczeństwo europejskie: skuteczność i dylematy polityki wschodniej Unii Europejskiej w XXI wieku [Promotion of Democracy and European Security: effectiveness and dilemmas of the Eastern European Union Policy in the 21st century], „Politeja” 2016, 2, 41. [Google Scholar]
  10. Włodkowska-Bagan, A., Zaufanie w stoskach międzynarodowych – theoria et praxis [Trust in international relations: theoria et praxis], „Stosunki Międzynarodowe” [International Relations] 2016, Vol. 52, 3. [Google Scholar]
  11. https://www.osw.waw.pl/pl/publikacje/komentarze-osw/2020-04-24/nato-i-unia-europejska-wobec-zagrozen-hybrydowych [accessed: 4.12.2023]. [Google Scholar]
  12. https://repozytorium.amu.edu.pl/bitstream/10593/24833/1/Cyberterroryzm%20w%20policy%20safety%C5%84stw%20pa%C5%84stw.%20Problems%20ochrony%20infrastruktury%20krytycznej%20-% 20Robert%20Maciejewski.pdf [accessed: 20.12.2023]. [Google Scholar]
  13. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/pl/policies/defence-security [accessed: 21.12.2023]. [Google Scholar]
  14. https://wiadomosci.wp.pl/sondaz-solidny-mur-rozwiazaniem-kryzysu-na-granicy-6692921765182080a [accessed: 27.12.2023]. [Google Scholar]

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.