The article presents history of Polish justice system and law enforcement. Author de-scribes in detail the criminal justice system built on Polish territory after World War I, which corresponded to the modern (in that time) conception of law. Author's goal was to outline the historical institutions and structures that are used by successive generations of lawyers. Draws attention to the fact that many considerations in tactics and forensic sci-ence techniques remain current to this day, despite the development of science, because the basis of modern Polish criminology have been created during the interwar years. According to the author, knowledge of the history of forensic science is on one hand a recognition of its pioneers, on the other hand it allows to understand how enormous is the development of Polish forensic science since the use of the microscope to the usage of computers. This would not have been possible without the effort of Polish forensic scien-tist, both theorists practitioners of the interwar period.