An extraordinary appeal is one of the extraordinary remedies, historically the “youngest” in the current system of domestic legal remedies available against decisions made in court proceedings. The main argument accompanying the introduction of this institution into the Polish legal system was the belief that court judgments should be fair, issued on the basis of correctly reconstructed legal norms, and correspond to correctly collected and assessed evidence. Its primary function was to correct final court judgments. The idea was that it would become a remedy allowing for the effective protection of the rights and freedoms guaranteed in the Polish Constitution. The adopted structure of the constitutional complaint does not allow for verification of the correctness of the court ruling itself, which may have been issued on the basis of a provision consistent with the Constitution, but at the same time interpreted in a manner inconsistent with the principles or freedoms and rights of human beings and citizens set out in the Constitution. In this respect, an extraordinary appeal is a special form of pro-constitutional interpretation of the law and also allows for verification of the correctness of its application by common and military courts. A detailed analysis of this institution carried out in this study also indicates that it has many shortcomings. However, the legitimacy of introducing extraordinary appeals into the catalogue of domestic extraordinary remedies is undoubtedly confirmed with each new ruling of the Supreme Court.
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