The article indicates the foundations of a pluralistic society in the teaching of the Second Vatican Council and the post-conciliar Bishops of Rome, as well as its threats, including the ethical pluralism which excludes human dignity and natural law as the basis for law making in modern democratic society. In the Republic of Poland, despite the fact that more than 90% of citizens declare belonging to the Catholic Church, the legislator guarantees religious freedom to all denominations, which – after fulfilling the conditions specified by law – can obtain legal personality in the state order.