The Authar describes Church activity in the area of the protection of human rights beginning with explanation of basic definitions. First codified declarations concerning human rights in the present days came out in the United States of America in 1776. The Authar describes history of human rights formation. Legal texts, national or international, became an impulse to formulate law of modern countries. However, human rights have been existing much more earlier. Church's contribution to human rights was significant. Human rights are inalienable, universal and can not be modified by a legal system. The Author pays attention to the important influence of the catholic Church on working out theory and practice concerning human rights. John Paul II was convinced that law can not be separated from morality. A basis for human rights is human dignity. Benedict XVI notices dangerous tendencies which deny that basic rights are universal because of culture, political, social or religious context.