After 50-years of non-existence of State General Prosecution (Pol. Prokuratoria Generalna, PG), the act of 8th of July 2005 has brought back this institution to the Polish legal system. The basic competence of PG is legal representation of the Treasury (fiscus). The paper shows the historical development of this institution, including the reasons of establishing PG, its application in the period of Polish Kingdom (1815–1867) and the Second Republic of Poland (1918–1939), and its abolition in 1951. The main aim of the paper is an analysis of provisions of the current law. The author attempts to compare and evaluate the legal traditions of PG in different historical periods and realities (in this respect the author’s views are diverse) as well as to make potential progress (for example, by radically narrowing down the number of substituted bodies to the State Treasury only). The fact of bringing back PG to the Polish legal system is praised, and so is the representative competence of PG (even in terms of providing opinion). What is criticized, though, is the introduction of the value criterion imposed on the subject of the litigation, in order to distinguish its competence to represent the Treasury from such competence of other state organizational units.