The subject of the article is competition law in Poland and in Russia. Nowadays, in Poland and Russia, in order to be able to operate on the free market it is necessary to provide protection against behaviours of other entrepreneurs, who may limit the possibilities related to pursuing one’s interests. Each of the aforementioned countries has its own bodies that operate differently but for the same purpose – to protect competition. In order to show the differences of this legal regulation in Poland and in Russia one should provide a description, legal and comparative analysis and a legal and historical sketch of the discussed issue in order to present the conclusions of the research using foreign sources. The aim of this article is, therefore, the description and comparison of the competition law in the abovementioned countries.