Numerous amendments to the Code of Civil Procedure have added significant complexity to its system of appellate remedies, especially regarding rulings (postanowienia) and procedural orders (zarządzenia) challenged with complaints (zażalenia). The intro-
duction, besides the traditional complaint to the court of the second instance and the complaint to the Supreme Court, also of a complaint to a different panel of the court of the first or of the second instance raises the question of the relationship between them. This article comprises the analysis of whether such decisions of the first-instance court may give rise to the applicability of different types of complaint, and if so, then whether a situation of concurrent or competing complaints arises in such a case. The analysis shows that where the court’s ruling meets the conditions of both Article 3941 (rulings ending the proceedings on the case) and Article 3941a(1) of the Code of Civil Procedure, only one type of complaint may be brought, whereas the competence norm of Article 3941b of the Code of Civil Procedure places the complaint with the court of the second instance. The principle of the exclusivity of appellate remedies has therefore been preserved.