The aim of this work is to describe the most relevant features of the languages spoken by the Sephardic Jews, focusing on Judeo-Spanish and Ladino. These two languages have been treated as a single language, even though Judeo-Spanish was a day-to-day communication language, and Ladino a calque-language used to translate religious texts from Hebrew during the 16th and 17th centuries. A brief overview of Sephardim historical background is necessary in order to understand who the Sephardim are, the development of their language and literature, and to discuss anything related to them.