The paper explains how the teaching of St J. S. Pelczar, especially in the area of social life, and in respect to political and economic questions, was largely influenced by the political atmosphere of the age, and the events such as the end of the Papal States, the Commune of Paris, and the general rise of socialism, anti-clericalism and freemasonry. J. S. Pelczar tried to find adequate answers to these threats to the Church, especially by promoting various Catholic organisations.
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