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Nasza Przeszłość

Vol. 112 (2009): Our Past

Articles

The 18th-century music collection of the Archives of the Monastery in Mogiła - historical context

  • Paweł Szywalski
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52204/np.2009.112.235-267  [Google Scholar]
Published: 2009-12-30

Abstract

Cistercian monasteries have been present in Poland since the 12th century and played an important role in the development of the country's spiritual and material culture, including musical culture. This was already visible in the Middle Ages, when liturgical books containing various forms of plainchant singing were found in the writings of Polish Cistercian monasteries. It is believed that monks played an important role in the development of polyphony and organ music. During the Baroque period, there was a real flourishing of musical life in Cistercian monasteries, because most of them functioned as vocal and instrumental ensembles, in accordance with the spirit of the era. Some monasteries, such as those in Oliwa and Pelplin, were excellent centers of musical art at that time. Similarly, the monastery in Mogiła has been an important center of intellectual and artistic culture for centuries, including: thanks to the achievements of outstanding abbots, strong bibliophilic traditions, the work of Stanisław Samoshootnik and the existence of a Cistercian center of monastic studies. The atmosphere of the abbey favored the development of musical creativity, thanks to which Mogyła became an important center of artistic and musical activity in the 17th and 18th centuries. A significant part of the collection of the Cistercian Fathers' archive in Mogiła consists of musical scores from the remains of a vocal-instrumental ensemble. This complex was probably created at the end of the 16th century and existed until the beginning of the 19th century. The preserved musical manuscripts come mainly from the second half of the 18th century and testify to the high artistic level of the Mogiła chapel and its musical works, which added splendor to the solemn liturgies celebrated there. These musical monuments also show that in addition to performing sacred music, the monastic ensemble of that time also included secular pieces in its repertoire. For example, after the liturgy, classical single-voice pieces - concerti - or arias from the secular operas of Johann Adolf Hassa were performed. In the second half of the 18th century, Joseph Haydn's symphonies were performed. Thus, while music was created ad maiorem Dei gloriam, home celebrations also gave monks the opportunity to touch musical instruments. Against the background of dramatic events that inevitably led the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to political collapse and the monastery to economic crisis, the dynamism of musical life in Mogiła is surprising. The collection of Mogiła manuscripts, as a remnant of the monastery's musical tradition, fits into the cultural and historical context. The development of the abbey's artistic life was subject to the same factors that influenced the entire musical culture of ancient Poland.

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