The article presents the situation in Lithuania in the times of Mindaugas and raises the issue of the country's Christianization. Initially, attempts at Christianization left little trace, and information about Mindaugas' baptism was limited. Despite a ten-year period of official Christianization, no episcopal chapter was established, and the data from the Hipatic Yearbook seemed to present the pagan face of Lithuania. Though he was baptized, Mindaugas was not involved in the development of Christianity. In 1251, Christianization became official, but the organization of the Church was delayed. Political events, such as the uprising against the Order, hindered the development of Christianity. Christianization was ruined, and Mindaugas' successors did not continue this work. The discovery of a new source sheds proper light on this issue. Lithuania remained a pagan state, and only Władysław Jagiełło's policy led to the Christianization of the country under different political conditions.