The paper is devoted to the discussion that took place in the legal community in Poland during the Enlightenment on the advisability of teaching Roman law during law studies. The author presents the views of legal theorists and practitioners, speaking both for and against the presence of Roman law, taught since the Middle Ages as one of the basic university disciplines, in forming future lawyers. An attempt will also be made to answer whether this discussion influenced limiting or eliminating Roman law teaching at Polish universities until the loss of independence and at the beginning of the partition period.