The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the Soviet judiciary system in the Stalinist period (1930s) based on the critical works of Stefan Plich, a Polish interwar legal scholar who published in the “Vilnius Legal Review” („Wileński Przegląd Prawniczy”).
Plich’s analyses, created almost simultaneously with the examined phenomena, constitute a valuable historical source documenting the mechanisms of instrumentalization of justice in a totalitarian state. The article examines three fundamental aspects:
the political conditioning of the Soviet judiciary, the personnel crisis and qualification requirements, and the institution of “revolutionary legality” as a synthesis of ideology and law. Particular attention is paid to the 1936 Stalinist Constitution and the 1938 Judiciary Act, which – despite their façade of democratization – strengthened the dictatorship through centralization and party control. Plich’s work demonstrates how legal institutions characteristic of the rule of law can be utilized to build a totalitarian system
where the judiciary becomes “a lens concentrating the general forms of governance in the USSR.” The analysis retains its relevance for contemporary theory of law and comparative legal studies, illustrating the consequences of absolute subordination of law to
political goals.
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