Abstract
Everyone who studies the New Testament Bible must take into account its Aramaic background that results from several factors:
– the Aramaic language was very popular in Roman Palestine during the first century A.D.;
– the Aramaic was Jesus’ mother tongue;
– Jesus’ teaching was being recorded in Aramaic and then it circulated among the people;
– the oldest Church consisted of Aramaic speaking communities.
It is worth remembering that the New Testament authors, when working on the Greek Gospels, they were following their Aramaic language habits. The effects of them were aramaisms in the Greek texts, Aramaic sentence constructions and even Aramaic words rendered by Greek letters. The aim of this paper is to investigate Aramaic anthroponyms, i.e. personal proper names existing in the Greek text of the New Testament. Seven Aramaic personal names beginning with the syllable bar- („son of...”): Barabbas (Matt 27:16),Bariēsous (Acts 13:6), Barnabas (Acts 4:36), Barsabbas (Acts 1:23), Bartholomaios (Mk 3:18), Bartimaios (Mk 10:46) and Simōn Bariōna (Mt 16:17) were analysed; furthermore four Aramaic apostles’ nicknames: Kēphas (John 1:42), Boanērges (Mark 3:17), Thōmas (Mark 3:18) and Thaddaios (3:18), and at last one female name – Tabitha (Acts 9:36). Aramaic names and nicknames recorded in Greek script are one of clever devices that help to localize the text of the Gospel in the multilingual environment of Roman Palestine of the first century A.D. and thereby make it more reliable for a reader.Apart from Aramaic anthroponyms in the Gospels there are also many Aramaic toponyms (geographical proper names), common words and phrases. They will require further research.
References
Betz O., Donnersöhne, Menschenfischer und der davidische Messias, „Revue Biblique” 3 (1961), s. 41–70.
Buth R., Mark 3:17: Bonerges and popular etymology, „Journal for the Study of the New Testament” 10 (1981), s. 29–33.
Ehrman B., Cephas and Peter, „Journal of Biblical Literature” 109 (1990), nr 3, s. 463–474.
Fitzmyer J., The Aramaic language and the study of the New Testament, „Journal of Biblical Literature” 99 (1980), nr 1, s. 5–21.
Kahle P., Das zur Zeit Jesu in Palästina gesprochene Aramäisch, „Theologische Rundschau” 17 (1949), nr 3, s. 201–216.
Knox B., The Aramaic background of the Gospels, „Reformed Theological Review” 6 (1947), nr 2, s. 24–29.
McDaniel Th., Clarifying New Testament Aramaic Names & Words and Shem Tob’s Hebrew Gospel of Matthew, Winnewood 2008.
Montgomery J., Some Aramaisms in the Gospels and Acts, „Journal of Biblical Literature” 46 (1927), nr 1–2, s. 69–73.
Ostański P., Języki używane przez Jezusa na tle sytuacji językowej w rzymskiej Palestynie, „Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny” 23 (2015), nr 2, s. 45–74.
Rook J., „Boanerges, sons of thunder” (Mk 3:17), „Journal of Biblical Literature” 100 (1981), s. 94–95.
Segert S., The languages of historical Jesus, „Communio Viatorum” 44 (2002), nr 2, s. 161–173.
Szmajdziński M., Język aramejski. „Lingua franca” starożytnego Bliskiego Wschodu, [w:] „Gloriam praecedit humilitas” (Prz 15, 33). Księga Pamiątkowa dla Księdza Profesora Antoniego Troniny w 70. rocznicę urodzin, red. M. Szmajdziński, Częstochowa 2015, s. 737–755.
Torrey Ch., The Aramaic of the Gospels, „Journal of Biblical Literature” 61 (1942), nr 2, s. 71–85.
Tresham A., The languages spoken by Jesus, „Master’s Seminary Journal” 20 (2009), nr 1, s. 71–94.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
