In this article there are presented various aspects of the scientific research on phraseologisms, categorisation criteria as well as the types of word connections. In next part, there is stated a description of the syntactic comparison of Polish vs. German phraseologisms regarding feelings. The above mentioned comparison has been made upon the components amount and type of particular parts in sentence. The core element in phraseologisms may constitute an adjective, adverb, a noun or preposition. It may also happen that part of the sentence stated in word connection in German differs in function while compared to the Polish version, nevertheless the meaning does not change. In the article there are mentioned idioms as well, which frequently have no equivalent in compared language. In such a case, their meaning should appear in descriptive manner.