The Poznań chapter in the 16th century was one of the most important and richest in Poland. Its history has always aroused the interest of historians. In addition to various articles, several more extensive works have been written about her estate. The same topic is also the subject of this article. The author relies mainly on written sources, mostly from the cathedral chapter, taking into account previous research results. As in the case of other cathedral chapters in Poland, the estate of the Poznań chapter in the 16th century consisted of two parts. At this time, several trends can be noticed in the area of the so-called "amelioration" of the property. For example, new groups of villages were created, marking the beginning of large estate complexes. One can also notice the special concern of the chapter for the settlement of peasant farms in the praestimony, which was not always in line with the interests of the chapter regents. While at the beginning of the 16th century the rural population was only 66%, by the end of this period (1580) it had increased to 88%. There is also a clear trend of increasing the area of hereditary land, mainly by liquidating or reducing the area of village land, less often at the expense of peasant land. The expansion of the area of adjacent lands was related to the chapter's interest in intensifying agricultural production in order to sell surpluses, which can be considered from a historical perspective as an effort to increase the agricultural culture of the chapter's estate. This certainly led to the impoverishment of peasant families, but not to a greater extent than in the case of similarly large noble estates. At the same time, it should be noted that this significant potential economic source was an important basis for many of the chapter's activities in the field of culture and cultural patronage.