On December 17, 2009 the European Union and the Vatican City State concluded the Monetary Agreement. The Vatican City State shall be entitled – from January 1, 2002 – to use the euro as its official currency and shall grant legal tender status to euro banknotes and coins. The Vatican City State shall not issue any banknote, coin or monetary surrogate of any kind, and also commemorative and collector coins unless the conditions for such issuance have been agreed with the European Union. The Vatican City State shall undertake to adopt all appropriate measures with a view to implementing the EU legal acts considering, among others, prevention of money laundering and prevention of fraud means of payment.