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Tom 33 Nr 2 (2025): A Tribute to Thomas Aquinas

Teologia systematyczna

Czy Chrystus doświadczał wizji uszczęśliwiającej na ziemi? Sprawdzenie hipotezy soteriologicznej Tomasza z Akwinu

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52097/wpt.10261  [Google Scholar]
Opublikowane: 31.12.2025

Abstrakt

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zbadanie hipotezy św. Tomasza z Akwinu, że Jezus Chrystus cieszył się bezpośrednią wizją uszczęśliwiającą swojego Ojca podczas swojego ziemskiego życia. W pierwszej części przedstawiono zastrzeżenia dotyczące tak postawionej hipotezy, gdyż sugeruje monofizytyzm, wydaje się podważać autentyczną ludzką wolność i świadome posłuszeństwo Jezusa oraz sprawia wrażenie, że Chrystus nie żył wiarą tak jak reszta ludzkości. Kolejna część obejmuje analizę tekstów św. Tomasza z Akwinu oraz jego nauczanie na ten temat. Punktem wyjścia rozważań św. Tomasza nie są szczegóły złożonych antropologicznych konsekwencji ewentualnej ziemskiej wizji uszczęśliwiającej, tylko argument teologiczny – rozpoczyna swoje rozumowanie od fundamentalnej zasady, że Jezus Chrystus jest jedynym Zbawicielem ludzkości, a zatem jest pośrednikiem wszystkich darów łaski, które Bóg daje ludziom, w tym daru widzenia Boga. Stąd św. Tomasz przechodzi do wniosków antropologicznych – Jezus jest Zbawicielem, a nie zbawionym, zatem doświadczał wizji uszczęśliwiającej od momentu Wcielenia; w przeciwnym razie otrzymałby ją jako nagrodę za swoją wierność. W ostatniej trzeciej części podjęto próbę wyjaśnienia, uwzględniając współczesną egzegezę biblijną i patrystyczną, w jakim stopniu wizja uszczęśliwiająca (1) sprawia, że wiara u Jezusa nie jest potrzebna, choć jednocześnie (2) potwierdza jego prawdziwą wolność i posłuszeństwo pomimo cierpienia, które miało miejsce na krzyżu.

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