The article discusses the evolution of crime and the punishment of offenders, starting with historical methods and ending with contemporary rehabilitation approaches. It outlines changes in sentencing structures, from corporal punishment to the prison system. Highlights the development of new concepts of resocialisation that have focused on social integration and the restoration of family ties. He introduces the concept of community-based rehabilitation, explaining its philosophy and differences from institutional programmes. By presenting a systemic view of probation, it contributes to the article's thesis that prevention,
rather than repression, is central to rehabilitation. The conclusion highlights the benefits of community-based rehabilitation and the importance of prevention over punishment.