Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
EPPiSM Baner

No. 1/2025/73 (2025)

Artykuły

Parliamentary Immunity of the Member of Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe As a Condition for Conducting Parliamentary Diplomacy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52097/eppism.9654  [Google Scholar]
Published: 2025-04-02

Abstract

The Author analyzed the problem: to what extent is having parliamentary immunity for a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) a condition for conducting parliamentary diplomacy by the PACE and its members? The assumption by
the PACE of new competences in the scope of the control function (accession procedure, monitoring procedure, election monitoring, participation in conflict resolution), which were not available at the time of the establishment of the Council of Europe, resulted in
the members of the PACE being involved in conducting parliamentary diplomacy and taking the associated risks for their security. The PACE therefore interprets the prohibition on detaining a member of the PACE to a greater extent than that resulting from legally binding norms (the Statute of the Council of Europe, the General Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the Council of Europe), demanding that the PACE must consent to the detention of a member of the PACE. This rule, included in the PACE guidelines, is the so-called „soft law” is valid but should not be abused. Immunity is intended to protect the integrity of the PACE and cannot be a cover for criminal activities.

References

  1. Additional Protocol to General Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the Council of Europe, CETS 010. [Google Scholar]
  2. Alting von Geusau F. A. M., European Organizations and the Foreign Relations of States, Leyde 1962. [Google Scholar]
  3. Alzubi J.K.S., Parliamentary Immunity Among Arab Constitutions, ‘Journal of Politics and Law’ 2020, 2. [Google Scholar]
  4. Balic L., Parliamentary Immunity in the Parliamentary Law of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, ‘Godišnjak pravnog fakulteta u Sarajevu’ 2013, vol. 56. [Google Scholar]
  5. Bochenek I., Dyplomacja parlamentarna jako jeden z instrumentów współczesnych stosunków międzynarodowych, „Przegląd Sejmowy” 2016, 5. [Google Scholar]
  6. Bono G., Challenges of Democratic Oversight of Security Policies, ‘European Security’ 2006, 4. [Google Scholar]
  7. Cerase P., Parliamentary Immunity in Italy: In-depth analysis, Luxembourg 2015. [Google Scholar]
  8. Contemporary Challenges of Parliamentarism – Theory and practice. Special issue devoted to the memory of Professor Wojciech Orłowski (1963–2019), S. Patryra, M. Chrzanowski (eds), ‘Studia Iuridica Lublinensia’ 2022, 5. [Google Scholar]
  9. Crespo Allen M., Parliamentary Immunity in the Members States of the European Community and in the European Parliament, Luxembourg 1993. [Google Scholar]
  10. Chybalski P., Parliamentary Immunity in Poland: In-depth analysis, Luxembourg 2015. [Google Scholar]
  11. Chybalski P., Możliwość pociągnięcia do odpowiedzialności prawnej byłego posła, członka Zgromadzenia Parlamentarnego Rady Europy, „Zeszyty Prawnicze Biura Studiów Sejmowych” 2018, 4. [Google Scholar]
  12. Dembinski L., The Modern Law of Diplomacy. External Missions of States and International Organizations, Dordrecht–Boston–Lancaster 1988. [Google Scholar]
  13. Dyplomacja parlamentarna w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej w latach 2015–2019, [Google Scholar]
  14. B. Surmacz, A. Kuczyńska-Zonik (eds), IEŚ Policy Papers 2019, 2. [Google Scholar]
  15. Fasone C., Lupo N., The Court of Justice on the Junqueras Saga: Interpreting the European parliamentary immunities in light of the democratic principle, ‘Common Market Law Review’ 2020, 5. [Google Scholar]
  16. Fiott D., On the Value of Parliamentary Diplomacy, ‘Madariaga Paper’ 2011, 7. [Google Scholar]
  17. Fischer P., Europarat und parlamentarische Aussenpolitik, München 1962. [Google Scholar]
  18. General Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the Council of Europe of 1949, CETS nr 002. [Google Scholar]
  19. Grajewski K., Zakres polskiego immunitetu parlamentarnego, „Przegląd Sejmowy” 1995, 3. [Google Scholar]
  20. Grajewski K., Immunitet parlamentarny w prawie polskim, Warszawa 2001. [Google Scholar]
  21. Gruda P., Parliament Immunity and Building Democracy in Kosovo, ‘Acta Universitatis Danubius. Juridica’ 2018, 2. [Google Scholar]
  22. Hardt S., Parliamentary Immunity in a European context, Luxembourg 2015. [Google Scholar]
  23. Hardt S., Fault Lines of the European Parliamentary Mandate: The immunity of Oriol Junqueras vies: ECJ 19 December 2019, Case C-502/19, ‘Junqueras’, ECLI:EU:C:2019:1115, ‘European Constitutional Law Review’ 2020, 1. [Google Scholar]
  24. Immunitet parlamentarny w państwach członkowskich Wspólnoty Europejskiej i w Parlamencie Europejskim, J. Strzelecka (ed.), Warszawa 1993. [Google Scholar]
  25. Immunitet parlamentarny w państwach Unii Europejskiej, „Studia Europejskie” 2007, vol. 16. [Google Scholar]
  26. Immunitet parlamentarny – zagadnienia podstawowe, W. Odrowąż-Sypniewski (ed.), Warszawa 2007. [Google Scholar]
  27. Immunities in the Age of Global Constitutionalism, A. Peters, E. Lagrange, S. Oeter, C. Tomuschat (eds), Leiden 2015. [Google Scholar]
  28. Jackiewicz A., Immunitet parlamentarny we współczesnym świecie – ujęcie prawnoporównawcze, „Przegląd Europejski” 2019, 1. [Google Scholar]
  29. Jackiewicz A., Opinia prawna, Białystok 2024, https://monitorkonstytucyjny.eu/archiwa/29274 [accessed: 08.10.2024]. [Google Scholar]
  30. Jaskiernia J., Dyplomacja parlamentarna, Toruń 2022. [Google Scholar]
  31. Jessup P. C., Parliamentary Diplomacy, ‘Recueil des cours’ 1956, pt. 1, The Hague 1956. [Google Scholar]
  32. Jessup P. C. , Parliamentary Diplomacy: An examination of the legal quality of the rules of procedure of organs of the United Nations, ‘Recueil des cours’, vol. 89, 1 [Google Scholar]
  33. Juchniewicz A., Opinia prawna w przedmiocie udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytania (Ministerstwa Sprawiedliwości), Olsztyn, 8 lipca 2024, https://monitorkonstytucyjny.eu/archiwa/29274 [accessed: 08.10.2024]. [Google Scholar]
  34. Kabański W., Rys historyczny immunitetu i ewolucji statusu parlamentarzysty, „Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie” 2008, 12. [Google Scholar]
  35. Konstytucjonalizm polski. Refleksje z okazji jubileuszu 70-lecia urodzin i 45-lecia pracy naukowej profesora Andrzeja Szmyta, Gdańsk 2020. [Google Scholar]
  36. Kysela J., Antoš M., Czech Constitutional Court: Twists and Turns of Recent Judgments of the Highest Courts in Cases of Parliamentary Immunity, ‘Vienna Online Journal on International Constitutional Law’ 2017, 2. [Google Scholar]
  37. Lis-Staranowicz D., Galster J., Immunitet posła do Parlamentu Europejskiego, „Przegląd Sejmowy” 2006, 6. [Google Scholar]
  38. Manthenjwa P., The Constitutional Phenomenon of Parliamentary Privilege and Immunity in South Africa: A comparison with jurisdictions in Britain, Canada and France, ‘The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa’ 2016, 3. [Google Scholar]
  39. Mehta R. S., Sir Thomas’ Blushes: Protecting parliamentary immunity in modern parliamentary democracies, ‘European Human Rights Law Review’ 2012, 3. [Google Scholar]
  40. Moravcsik A., Is There a ‘Democratic Deficit’ in World Politics? A framework for analysis , ‘Government and Opposition’ 2004, 2 [Google Scholar]
  41. Mordwiłko J., Immunitet parlamentarny (krytyczna analiza instytucji), „Państwo i Prawo” 1966, 6. [Google Scholar]
  42. Nye Jr. J. S., Globalization’s Democratic Deficit: How to make international institutions more accountable, ‘Foreign Affairs’ 2001, 4. [Google Scholar]
  43. Onderco M., Parliamentarians in Government Delegations: An old question still not answered, ‘Cooperation and Conflict’ 2018, 3. [Google Scholar]
  44. Onofrei M., Gradinaru S., Parliamentary Imm(p)unity, ‘Procedia Economics and Finance’ 2015, vol. 20. [Google Scholar]
  45. PACE Res. 2392 (2019), Guidelines of the scope of parliamentary immunities enjoyed by members of the Parliamentary Assembly, Assembly debate on 27 September 2021 (24th sitting). [Google Scholar]
  46. Doc. 15364, report of the Committee on Rules of Procedure, Immunities and Institutional Affairs, rapporteur: Mr Tiny Kox). Text adopted by the Assembly on 27 September 2021 (24th sitting). [Google Scholar]
  47. Panizza R., Immunity of Members of the European Parliament, Brussels 2015. [Google Scholar]
  48. Pavy E., Handbook on the Incompatibilities and Immunity of the Members of the European Parliament, Brussels 2022. [Google Scholar]
  49. Rafaelli R., The Immunity of Members of the European Parliament: In-depth analysis, Luxembourg 2014. [Google Scholar]
  50. Routledge Handbook of State Recognition, G. Visoka, J. Doyle, E. Newman (eds), London 2020. [Google Scholar]
  51. Rules on Parliamentary Immunity in the European Parliament and the Member States of the European Union, S. McGee, S. Isaacks (eds), Brussels 2001. [Google Scholar]
  52. Rusk D., Parliamentary Diplomacy – Debate vs. Negotiation, ‘World Affairs Interpreter’ 1955, 2. [Google Scholar]
  53. Second World Conference of the Speakers of Parliaments, New York, 7–9 September 2005, Geneva 2006. [Google Scholar]
  54. Ševgić S., Bašić M., Parliamentary Immunity: Theory, legal regulation and practice in modern democratic countries, ‘Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu’ 2012, 3. [Google Scholar]
  55. Statute of the Council of Europe, CETS nr 001. [Google Scholar]
  56. Stavridis S., Jančić D., Introduction The Rise of Parliamentary Diplomacy in International Politics, ‘The Hague Journal of Diplomacy’ 2016, 2–3. [Google Scholar]
  57. Steele J., Immunity of Parliamentary Statements, ‘Nothingam Law Journal’ 2012, 1. [Google Scholar]
  58. Stefański R.M., Immunitet parlamentarny w świetle ustawy o wykonywaniu mandatu posła i senatora, „Prokuratura i Prawo” 1996, 10. [Google Scholar]
  59. Troć M., Polski immunitet parlamentarny na tle prawno-porównawczym (!), „Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego” 2013, 4. [Google Scholar]
  60. Uziębło P., Immunitet parlamentarny w państwach Unii Europejskiej, „Studia Europejskie” 2007, vol. 16. [Google Scholar]
  61. Viorescu R., Parliamentary Immunity: Form of protection and care for lawmakers, ‘European Journal of Law and Public Administration’ 2015, 3 [Google Scholar]
  62. Wagner W., The Democratic Control of Military Power Europe, ‘Journal of European Public Policy’ 2006, 2. [Google Scholar]
  63. Weisglas F., de Boer G., Parliamentary Diplomacy, ‘The Hague Journal of Diplomacy’ 2007, vol. 2. [Google Scholar]
  64. Wiatr J. J., Parliamentary Diplomacy After Cold War , ‘Romanian Journal of International Affairs’ 1995, 5. [Google Scholar]
  65. Wigley S., Parliamentary Immunity in Democratizing Countries: The case of Turkey, ‘Human Rights Quarterly’ 2009, 3. [Google Scholar]
  66. Wigley S., Parliamentary Immunity: Protecting democracy or protecting corruption?, ‘The Journal of Political Philosophy’ 2003, 11. [Google Scholar]
  67. Zagadnienia prawa konstytucyjnego. Księga jubileuszowa dedykowana Profesorowi Krzysztofowi Skotnickiemu w siedemdziesiątą rocznicę urodzin, vol. 1, A. Domańska (ed.), Łódź 2023. [Google Scholar]
  68. Zubik M., Immunitet parlamentarny w nowej Konstytucji RP, „Państwo i Prawo” 1997, 9. [Google Scholar]
  69. Zürn M., Global Governance and Legitimacy Problems’, ‘Government and Opposition’ 2004, 2. [Google Scholar]

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.