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Vol. 108 (2007): Our Past

Articles

The statutes of collegiate chapters of the Gniezno metropolis in the Middle Ages

  • Magdalena Bilska-Ciećwierz
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52204/np.2007.108.183-213  [Google Scholar]
Published: 2007-12-30

Abstract

To understand the organisation of the collegiate chapters in the Middle Ages, we need to analyse their statutes. By the middle of the 16th century there were 43 collegiate chapters, but not all of them had statutes. The internal organisation of some of them, especially those founded in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, was governed by extensive statutes. Unfortunately, many of these documents have been destroyed. Of the statutes that have survived, the oldest come from the diocese of Wroclaw. They are a series of episcopal documents from 1306-1401, addressed to the Opole Chapter. Statutes of the Canons of the Holy Cross from Wroclaw, Głogów and Nysa have also been preserved. Many of them, such as those of the Opole Chapter, have never been published. The statutes of the Krakow diocese from 1401 and 1443 were kept by the canons of Wiślica. Similarly, the Krakow Chapter of St Florian received a detailed normative act from its ordinary bishop. Another statute of this collegiate chapter dates from 1518. Other colleges of canons in the diocese of Krakow modelled their statutes on those of the 16th century and later. Particularly noteworthy are the extensive acts establishing colleges of canons in the area. Attention to detail allowed them to replace statutes by operation of law. Today we have such documents for the collegiate chapters of Tamów (1400), Nowy Sącz (1448), Wojnicz (1465) and Bobowa (1529), as well as for the collegiate chapters of All Saints (1490) and St Anne's (1535) in Kraków. In the archdiocese of Gniezno, interesting collections of statutes belonged to the collegiate churches of Łęczyca (1383-1467), Wieluń (1495; 1525) and Łowicz (1528). The canons of the collegiate church of St Peter in Kruszwica in the diocese of Wroclaw used several editions of the statutes, the oldest of which dates from 1498. As for the diocese of Płock, the canons of Pułtusk had a detailed document on the organisation of the chapter established in 1449, as well as later statutes. In the diocese of Poznań, the oldest surviving statute is from 1296, establishing the chapter in Głuszyna. The most detailed codification of the canons of this diocese was the Statutes of the Warsaw Chapter of 1517. The canons of Środa had an earlier collection of statutes dating from 1436. This collection was not very rich in legal decisions. Other chapters founded in the 15th century on the territory of the Poznań diocese were governed by statutes, the manuscripts of which have survived to the present day. These were the chapters of St Mary Magdalene, St Nicholas, Kurnicka and Szamotulska.

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