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Nasza Przeszłość

Vol. 96 (2001): Our Past

Articles

The history of the church in Bukowo Morskie. Reflections from the roof truss

  • Aleksander Jankowski
  • Marek Gogolin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52204/np.2001.96.387-422  [Google Scholar]
Published: 2001-12-30

Abstract

The trussed roof of the old Cistercian church at Bukowo Morskie has never attracted the attention of historians. It was assumed to be no older than the second half of the 19th century and thus of no particular interest. How­ever, even a fairly cursory examination leaves no doubt that the roof structure is of medieval origin.The rafter frame of the main nave and of the chancel forms three separate orchid-type compartments with a similar (though not identical) structure.The central vertical posts (or‘orchids’), which are connected directly to the main rafters, extend from the ridge and are supported by two collar beams and two pairs of struts. All the trusses are solid. Longitudinally, the orchid--posts are reinforced by two tiers of short, tenonned nogging beams and bra­ces. Differences in the arrangement and length of the supports in each of the roof compartments suggest that they were not put in place at the same time.That conclusion is further corroborated by the distinctive finish and the way in which elements of each set are connected.The roofing of the Bukowo church is built of oak — in the western part of the nave — and a combination of oak and pine in the eastern part of the nave and in the chancel. The rafters and roof beams are made of pine wood, while other elements both in the truss frame and the orchid structure are made of oak. The oaken orchid construction is a rarity: apart from Bukowo only few have survived (in Niemica, Barzowice and Osieki Koszalińskie, ie.in chur­ches from the dominion of the Bukowo Cistercians). But it is the oaken-pinetrussed roof of the Bukowo church that is absolutely unique.Another special feature of the roofing of the Bukowo church is the presen­ce of three autonomous orchid-type compartments of unadulterated medieval origin. Two of them, over the body of the nave, may have been erected when,still in the Middle Ages, the church was rebuilt and the old roof replaced. It is possible that originally the nave was covered by a triple slope roof, like that of the no longer existent church of the Cistercian nuns in Szczecin (built in1300). The reconstruction involved turning the western face into a gable,which was followed later, at the end of the Middle Ages, by the erection of a tower. The distinctive character of the chancel compartment may be the re­sult of reconstruction of the vault.

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