Abstrakt
The article discusses biblical archaeology from a generic viewpoint. How are we to understand “Biblical Archaeology”, or better still “The Archaeology of the Middle East”? What do we really mean when we talk about biblical archaeology? It is effectively the same as any other type of archaeology, but limited to a particular land and defined in a particular period of time. As regards scientific methodology, biblical archaeology is not different from any other general archaeology. The only distinguishing feature is the subject of the research. These are: the biblical land – Palestine and the time – from Abraham to the Apostles. These are the narrow parameters. Obviously there is also a wider perspective. During the excavations one discovers the influences, dependences and contacts with other developed cultures of the Near East (Mesopotamia, Egypt, Asia Minor). These contacts made their mark on the culture and mentality of the People of Israel and indirectly also on the Sacred Scripture. The same can be said as regards the time factor. The most ancient, at the time of Abraham, even if prehistoric, had an influence on the development of the civilization and culture and therefore on the language and idiom of the Bible. The post-Apostolic times (the Byzantine and Crusader era) are the consequence of the biblical times. They bear witness to the preacing of the Gospel. This means that biblical archaeology is not only interested in Palestine, neither is it interested only in the time from Abraham to the Apostles. It is interested in all the neighbouring states and in the times prior to the Bible as well as the more recent times. Biblical archaeology is not a proof of the Bible’s historical authenticity, even when objects and structures that are mentioned in the Bible are brought to light. It not only discovers the biblical world, but reveals the world in which the Bible was written. An essential part of the article is the list of archaeological sites. The data for each site is made up as follows:
– The modern name – frequently this is an Arab toponym (the name of the site at the time of excavation, its Arabic name)
– The location
– The ancient name in brackets
– The years of excavations
– A general review of the findings: the periods identified on site, and details of the most important artefacts brought to light.
Bibliografia
Aharoni Y., The Archaeology of the Land of Israel, from the Prehistoric Beginnings to the End of the First Temple Period, Philadelphia 1982.
Albright W.F., Archeologia Palestyny, Warszawa 1964.
Anati E., Esodo tra mito e storia. Archeologia, esegesi e geografia storica, Capo di Ponte Valcamonica 1997.
Arata Mantovani P., Introduzione all’archeologia palestinese. Dalla prima eta del Ferro alla conąuista di Ales- sandro Magno 1200 a.C-332 a.C, Brescia 1992.
Archaeology and Biblical Interpretation, red. J.R. Bartlett, London 1997.
Archeologia Palestyny, red. L.W Stefaniak, Poznań–Warszawa–Lublin 1973.
Archeologie, art et histoire de la Palestine, red. N. Avigad, Paris 1988.
Bardski K., Archeologia biblijna, Skrypt dla studentów ATK, Warszawa 1997.
Chrostowski W., Polskie podręczniki archeologii biblijnej i archeologii Palestyny, „Bobolanum” 2000, (11), z. 2.
Cimosa M., Lambiente storico-culturale delle Scritture Ebraiche, Bologna 2000.
Cucca M., Perego G., Nowy przewodnik po świecie Biblii, Pismo Święte, historia, geografia i archeologia w konfrontacji ze sobą, Częstochowa 2013.
Dever W.G., Syro-Palestinian Archaeology „Comes of Age”, Basor 290-291(1993).
Finegan J., The Archeology of the New Testament. The Life of Jesus and the Beginning of the Early Church, Princeton 1992.
Finkelstein I., The Archaeology of the Israelite Settlement, Jerusalem 1988.
Fritz V., Introduzione all’archeologia biblica, Brescia 1991.
Galbiati E., Archeologia biblica, w: Introduzione generale alla Bibbia, red. R. Fabris, Torino 1994.
Gądecki S., Archeologia biblijna, t. 1–2, Gniezno 1994.
Haag H., Das Land der Bibel. Geographie-Geschichte-Archaologie, Stuttgart 2000
Jesus und die Archaologie Galilaas, red. C. Claussen, J. Frey, Neukirchen-Vluyn 2008.
Kaswalder P., Onomastica Biblica. Fonti scritte e ricerca archeologica, SBF Collectio Minor 40, Jerusalem 2002.
Keel O., Kuchler M., Uehlinger C., Methoden und Bedeutung von archaologischen Ausgrabungen, w: Orte und Landschaften der Bibel. Ein Handbuch und Studien-Reisefuhrer zum Heiligen Land, t. I, Zurich-Einsiedeln 1984.
Keller W., A jednak Pismo Święte ma rację, tłum. J. Koczołowski, Warszawa 1959.
Keller W., Und die Bibel hat doch recht, Dusseldorf 1955.
Kenyon K.M., The Bible and Recent Archaeology, London 1978.
Kozłowski J.K., ŚLIWA J., Archeologia wschodniej części basenu Morza Śródziemnego. Palestyna-Syria-Cypr, Kraków 1977.
Kudasiewicz J., Biblia a archeologia, „Znak” 1969, (21), nr 186.
Kudasiewicz J., Stary Testament a archeologia, w: tenże, Biblia, historia, nauka. Rozważania i dyskusje biblijne, Kraków 1978.
Langkammer H., Archeologia a Biblia, w: Studio lectionem facere (Materiały pomocnicze dla seminariów i ćwiczeń z biblistyki), red. S. Łach, J. Szlaga, Lublin 1980.
Majewski M., Archeologia biblijna, Kraków 2012.
Masom C., Alexander P., Miliard A., Świat Biblii: miejsca, odkrycia, najważniejsze wydarzenia, Warszawa 1991.
Mazar A., Archaeology of the Land of the Bible 10.000-586 B.C.E., New York 1990.
Millard A., Skarby czasów Biblii. Odkrycia archeologiczne rzucają nowe światło na Biblię, Warszawa 2000.
Muszyński H., Mędala S., Archeologia Palestyny w zarysie, Pelplin 1984.
North R., Problemi cruciali della storia biblica archeologica (cronologica, geografica), w: I libri di Dio, red. C.M. Martini, L. Pacomio, Torino 1975.
Parchem M., Archeologia a historia Starego Testamentu, Warszawa 2007.
Pearlman M., Digging up the Bible, London 1980.
Perego G., Przewodnik po świecie Biblii. Pismo Święte, geografia, archeologia i teologia w konfrontacji ze sobą, Częstochowa 2001.
Piccirillo M., Vangelo e archeologia. Tracce cristiane in Palestina, Cinisello Balsamo 1998.
Pritchard J.B., Lumiers sur la Bible. LArcheologie et l’Ancient Testament, Paris 1960.
Rosik M., Nowe odkrycia - fałszerstwa czy wyzwania dla wiary?, Wrocław 2006.
Starożytna Palestyna między wschodem a zachodem, red. M. Munnich, Ł. Niesiołowski-Spano, „Studia Historico-Biblica” 2008, 1, Lublin.
Starożytna Palestyna w badaniach polskich, red. I. Skupińska-Løvset, P. Nowogórski, Łódź 2003.
Stefaniak L.W., Archeologia palestyńska: termin i zarys jej historii, w: Studia z archeologii Azji Przedniej i starożytnego Wschodu, red. M.L. Bernhard, L.W. Stefaniak, Kraków 1970.
Stefaniak L.W., Nowy Testament w świetle badań współczesnej paleografii i archeologii, „Znak” 1961 (13).
The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land, red. T.E. LEVY, London 1995.
Volkmar F., Archeologia biblijna, Warszawa 2005.
Waliszewski T., Archeologia biblijna - kłopoty z terminologią czy spór o istotę rzeczy?, CT T. 63(1993) nr 1.
Włodarczyk S., Rola odkryć archeologicznych w interpretacji Pisma Świętego, RBL 2000, (53) nr 3-4.
Wright E.G., Biblical archaeology, London 1957.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
